Author
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Submitted to: Soil Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 6/2/2009 Publication Date: 8/1/2009 Citation: Leytem, A.B., Bjorneberg, D.L. 2009. Changes in Soil Test Phosphorus and Phosphorus in Runoff From Calcareous Soils Receiving Manure, Compost, and Fertilizer Application With and Without Alum. Soil Science. 174(8):445-455. Interpretive Summary: Intensification of the dairy industry in southern Idaho had led to the over-application of manures and a buildup of soil phosphorus (P) which is a potential threat to water quality in the region. As the use of alum has been shown to reduce both soluble manure P and runoff P from alum treated manures, the objective of this study was to determine if surface applications of alum to dairy manure and compost prior to soil incorporation would reduce P losses under furrow irrigation on a calcareous soil. The effects of manure, compost, and fertilizer application with and without alum treatment on soil P, runoff P and aluminum (Al) under furrow irrigation, crop yield, tissue P concentrations and P removal over a four year period were investigated in Kimberly, ID, on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Fertilizer and manure addition had the greatest potential to increase soluble P in soils, compared to compost, which translated to greater soluble P losses with irrigation in some instances. Although fertilizer application resulted in a greater increase in soil test P per unit of P applied, this did not translate into higher plant production or P uptake. The addition of alum to manure did not have any effect on soil extractable P or soluble P losses from furrow irrigation, and therefore is not a good best management practice for stabilizing P in manure treated calcareous soils. Technical Abstract: Intensification of the dairy industry in southern Idaho had led to the over-application of manures and a buildup of soil phosphorus (P) which is a potential threat to water quality in the region. As the use of alum has been shown to reduce both soluble manure P and runoff P from alum treated manures, the objective of this study was to determine if surface applications of alum to dairy manure and compost prior to soil incorporation would reduce P losses under furrow irrigation on a calcareous soil. The effects of manure, compost, and fertilizer application with and without alum treatment on soil P, runoff P and aluminum (Al) under furrow irrigation, crop yield, tissue P concentrations and P removal over a four year period were investigated in Kimberly, ID, on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Fertilizer and manure addition had the greatest potential to increase soluble P in soils, compared to compost, which translated to greater soluble P losses with irrigation in some instances. The addition of alum to manure did not have any effect on soil extractable P or soluble P losses from furrow irrigation, and therefore is not a good best management practice for stabilizing P in manure treated calcareous soils. |
