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Title: Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory and Antioxidant Compounds from the Truffle Elaphomyces granulatus

Author
item STANIKUNAITE, RITA - University Of Mississippi
item KHAN, SHABANA - University Of Mississippi
item TRAPPE, JAMES - Oregon State University
item ROSS, SAMIR - University Of Mississippi

Submitted to: Phytotherapy Research
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/29/2008
Publication Date: 3/29/2009
Citation: Stanikunaite, R., Khan, S.I., Trappe, J.M., Ross, S.A. 2009. Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory and Antioxidant Compounds from the Truffle Elaphomyces granulatus. Phytotherapy Research. 23:575-578.

Interpretive Summary: The extract of the truffle Elaphomyces Granulatus showed inhibition for COX-2 Enzyme. Bioassay guided fraction of the extract led to the isolation of the two active metabolites which were determined to be syringaldehyde and syringic acid. Syringic acid showed a strong antioxidant activity while syringaldehyde showed no activity in the assay.

Technical Abstract: The ethanol extract of fruiting bodies of Elaphomyces granulatus, a truffle-like fungus, was evaluated for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Inhibition of COX-2 activity was evaluated in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7). The extract of E. granulatus caused a 68% inhibition of COX-2 activity at 50 ug/mL. Bioassay-guided investigation led to the isolation and identification of two active compounds, syringaldehyde and syringic acid. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibited COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 ug/mL, while syringic acid strongly inhibited COX-2 activity with an IC50 o0.4 ug/mL. The antioxidant activity of the extract and isolated compounds was evaluated in HL-60 cells by the DCFH-DA method. The extract of E. granulatus showed a potent antioxidant effect, with an IC50 of 41 ug/mL. Of the pure compounds, syringic acid displayed a strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 0.7 ug/mL, while syringaldehyde showed no activity in the assay.