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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Logan, Utah » Forage and Range Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #246397
Title: A growth stage and heat unit model for Hedysarum Boreale

Author
item Peel, Michael
item Waldron, Blair
item Mott, Ivan
item WALKER, SCOTT - Utah Division Of Wildlife Resources

Submitted to: Native Plants Journal
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 4/13/2010
Publication Date: 4/12/2011
Citation: Peel, M., Waldron, B.L., Mott, I.W., Walker, S. 2011. A growth stage and heat unit model for Hedysarum Boreale. Native Plant Journal. 12:4-12.

Interpretive Summary: A system for growth staging sweetvetch, a legume native to the western US, through vegetative and reproductive plant development is presented and a heat-unit or growing degree day (GDD) model. This growth staging system designates 14 finite stages, V1 through V6 (pre-flowering or vegetative), and R1 through R8 (reproductive stages). This system provides meaningful designations for management of sweetvetch for seed production. Five base temperatures were tested in the development of the GDD model. It was found that a 40 degrees F (4.4 degrees C) base temperature most accurately predicted the growth of sweet-vetch through the six vegetative and eight reproductive developmental stages. The GDD model showed that on average, each growth stage above V2 (pre bud, two visible nodes) requires 118 GDD. Critical stages in the development of sweetvetch for seed production are late bud, flowering, pod formation and seed maturity, which require 605, 841, 1076, and 1547 GDD, respectively. The proper application of this staging system and model can be useful for seed producers and collectors by providing an estimate of when the plant will reach critical growth stages, particularly for irrigation management, insect pest management and harvest. Historical temperature data could be used to predict the average calendar date when sweetvetch will reach a given growth stage, or where real-time data are available, dates of stages may be accurately predicted.

Technical Abstract: A system for staging sweetvetch (Hedysarum boreale Nutt. [Fabaceae]) through vegetative and reproductive plant development was developed that corresponds with a heat-unit or growing degree day (GDD) model. This system designates 14 finite stages, V1 through V6 (pre-flowering or vegetative), and R1 through R8 (reproductive stages). This sytem provides meaningful designations for management of the plant for seed production. Of five base temperatures tested in the development of the GDD model, 40 degrees F (4.4 degrees C) most accurately predicted the growth of sweet-vetch through the six vegetative and eight reproductive developmental stages. The GDD model showed that on average, each growth stage above V2 (pre-bud, two visible nodes) requires 118 GDD. Critical stages in the development of sweetvetch for seed production are late bud, flowering, pod formation and seed maturity, which require 605, 841, 1076, and 1547 GDD, respectively. The proper application of this staging system and model can be useful for seed producers and collectors by providing an estimate of when the plant will reach critical growth stages, particularly for irrigation management, insect pest management and harvest. Historical temperature data could be used to predict the average calendar date when sweetvetch will reach a given growth stage, or where real-time data are available, dates of stages may be accurately predicted.