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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Davis, California » Western Human Nutrition Research Center » Diet, Microbiome and Immunity Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #282087
Title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation 50,000 IU monthly in youth with HIV-1 infection

Author
item HAVENS, PETER - Medical College Of Wisconsin
item MULLIGAN, KATHLEEN - University Of California
item HAZRA, ROHAN - National Institutes Of Health (NIH)
item FLYNN, PATRICIA - St Jude Children’s Research Hospital
item RUTLEDGE, BRANDY - Westat Inc
item Van Loan, Marta
item LUJAN-ZILBERMAN, JORGE - University Of South Florida
item KAPOGIANNIS, BILL - National Institutes Of Health (NIH)
item WILSON, CRAIG - University Of Alabama
item Stephensen, Charles

Submitted to: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 8/9/2012
Publication Date: 8/29/2012
Citation: Havens, P.L., Mulligan, K., Hazra, R., Flynn, P., Rutledge, B., Van Loan, M.D., Lujan-Zilberman, J., Kapogiannis, B.G., Wilson, C.M., Stephensen, C.B. 2012. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation 50,000 IU monthly in youth with HIV-1 infection. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 97(11):0000-0000. DOI:10.1210/jc.2012-2600.

Interpretive Summary: Vitamin D deficiency is common in youth with HIV infection, particularly among those receiving the antiretroviral drug efavirenz. Optimal vitamin D dosing for treatment of vitamin D deficiency in HIV may differ from dosing in uninfected individuals. Our goals in this study were to (1) measure change in vitamin D status, as indicated by change in serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentration, during treatment with vitamin D3 for 12 wk (50,000 IU every 4 wk; directly observed-therapy) and (2) to evaluate safety by monitoring urinary calcium excretion (a correlate of excessive calcium absorption, which may be triggered by excessive vitamin D intake). This study was a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of HIV-infected youth ages 18-24 years on stable antiretroviral therapy. Of 203 eligible participants, 169 complete the full study. At baseline, the mean age was 21 yr, 37% were female and 52% African American, and 54% were vitamin D insufficient (serum 25-OHD < 20 ng/mL). Ninety-five percent of the subjects receiving vitamin D were vitamin D sufficient by the end of the study. Vitamin D supplementation increased mean 25-OHD serum concentration from 22 (baseline) to 36 ng/mL at week 12 (p<0.001) with no change for the group receiving placebo. While efavirenz treatment was associated with lower baseline 25-OHD serum concentration, efavirenz treatment did not diminish the response to vitamin D supplementation. There was no treatment-related toxicity. In summary, supplementation with vitamin D3 50,000 IU monthly for 3 doses was safe and reduced the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency to 5% in treated participants regardless of antiretroviral regimen.

Technical Abstract: Context: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency occur frequently in youth with HIV infection, particularly among those receiving the antiretroviral drug efavirenz. Optimal vitamin D dosing for treatment is unclear. Objective: Measure change in 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentration from baseline to study weeks 4 and 12 during treatment with vitamin D3, 50,000 IU monthly; and evaluate safety. Design, setting, and participants: Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of HIV-infected youth ages 18-24 years, viral load <5,000 copies/mL, on stable antiretroviral therapy. Intervention: Vitamin D3 50,000 IU, or matching placebo capsule, administered in three directly observed oral doses at 4-week intervals. Results: Of 203 participants, 169 evaluable participants had complete follow-up. At baseline, mean (SD) age was 20.9 (2.0) years; 37% were female and 52% African American, and 54% were vitamin D deficient/insufficient (25-OHD < 20 ng/mL), with no randomized group differences. Of evaluable participants administered vitamin D, 95% had > sufficient 25-OHD by week 12. Vitamin D supplementation increased mean (SD) 25-OHD serum concentration from baseline 21.9 (13.3) to 35.9 (19.1) ng/mL at week 12 (p<0.001) with no change for placebo. While efavirenz treatment was associated with lower baseline 25-OHD serum concentration, efavirenz did not diminish the response to vitamin D supplementation. There was no treatment-related toxicity. Conclusions: Supplementation with vitamin D3 50,000 IU monthly for 3 doses was safe and reduced the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency to 5% in treated participants regardless of antiretroviral regimen.