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Title: A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: Chronic inflammation blunts these improvements

Author
item MCCANN, JOYCE - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item SHIGENAGA, MARK - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item MIETUS-SNYDER, MICHELE - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item LAL, ASHUTOSH - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item SU, JUNG - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item KRAUSS, RONALD - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item GILDENGORIN, GINNY - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item GOLDRICH, ALISA - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item BLOCK, DEVAN - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item SHENVI, SWAPNA - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute
item McHugh, Tara
item Olson, Donald
item AMES, BRUCE - Children'S Hospital Oakland Research Institute

Submitted to: Journal of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/26/2015
Publication Date: 4/21/2015
Citation: Mccann, J.C., Shigenaga, M.K., Mietus-Snyder, M.L., Lal, A., Su, J.H., Krauss, R.M., Gildengorin, G.L., Goldrich, A.M., Block, D.S., Shenvi, S.V., Mchugh, T.H., Olson, D.A., Ames, B.N. 2015. A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: Chronic inflammation blunts these improvements. Journal of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 29(4):1-15. doi: 10.1096/fj.15-271833.

Interpretive Summary: A novel nutrient-rich, fruit based bar was developed and tested in human clinical trials to improve health. Normal weight individuals showed improvements in overall health within two weeks of consuming two bars a day. Overweight and obese individuals took longer to show improvements. After eight weeks of consuming two bars a day overweight individuals significantly decreased weight, waist size, blood pressure, heart rate, bad cholesterol and insulin. Risk factors for heart disease were also decreased. Obese individuals took even longer to see improvements and after eight weeks showed lower risk factors for heart disease, but no changes in weight.

Technical Abstract: Poor diets are a major cause of obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation. It is difficult for many people to change dietary patterns. We hypothesized that dietary-induced metabolic dysregulation, and consequent increased risk of disease, is due in large part to what poor diets are lacking; a nutrient-rich, fruit-based bar was developed to fill gaps in Western diets. The study determined if twice-daily consumption of the nutrient bar favorably shifted metabolic and anthropometric indicators of dysregulation in a healthier (“leaner”) direction without requiring other dietary or lifestyle modifications during the trial. Results of three 8-week clinical trials in 41 healthy lean and overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults were pooled for analysis. Results in lean participants at 2-weeks confirmed our earlier report, and also indicated an early sharp increase in adiponectin, considered a measure of overall metabolic health. In less inflamed OW/OB, bar consumption for 8-weeks induced statistically significant decreases in weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and insulin, as well as increase in the less atherogenic lipoprotein subfraction HDL 2b, and realignment of LDL lipid subfractions toward a less atherogenic profile. In the more inflamed OW/OB, hsCRP was significantly reduced at 2-weeks, and heart rate at 8-weeks. HDL-2b increased at 8-weeks. Favorable changes in measures of cardiovascular health, insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity itself were initiated in the OW/OB by replacing deficiencies in Western diets without requiring other dietary or lifestyle modifications. Chronic inflammation blunted most bar-induced improvements.