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ARS Home » Midwest Area » Peoria, Illinois » National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research » Functional Foods Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #314169
Title: Conversion of canola meal into a high-protein feed additive via solid-state fungal incubation process

Author
item CROAT, JASON - South Dakota State University
item Berhow, Mark
item KARKI, BISHNU - South Dakota State University
item MUTHUKUMARAPPAN, KASIVISWANATHAN - South Dakota State University
item GIBBONS, WILLIAM - South Dakota State University

Submitted to: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/19/2016
Publication Date: 2/2/2016
Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/62426
Citation: Croat, J.R., Berhow, M., Karki, B., Muthukumarappan, K., Gibbons, W.R. 2016. Conversion of canola meal into a high-protein feed additive via solid-state fungal incubation process. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 93:499-507.

Interpretive Summary: The goal of this study goal was to determine the optimal methods using a variety of preprocessing treatments with two fungal cultures to reduce glucosinolates, nondigestable fiber, and residual sugars in pressed canola meal remaining after the removal of the oil, while increasing the protein content and nutritional value of canola meal. Solid-state incubation conditions were used to enhance growth of the fungi. Flask trials were performed using 50% moisture content hexane extracted or cold pressed canola meal, with incubation for 168 h at 30ºC. Both fungal cultures showed increases in protein content and reduction of glucosinolate and carbohydrate levels. However, fiber levels increased due to the concentration effect of removing oligosaccharides and GLS.

Technical Abstract: The study goal was to determine the optimal fungal culture to reduce glucosinolates (GLS), fiber, and residual sugars while increasing the protein content and nutritional value of canola meal. Solid-state incubation conditions were used to enhance filamentous growth of the fungi. Flask trials were performed using 50% moisture content hexane extracted (HE) or cold pressed (CP) canola meal, with incubation for 168 h at 30ºC. On HE canola meal Trichoderma reesei (NRRL-3653) achieved the greatest increase in protein content (23%), while having the lowest residual levels of sugar (8% w/w) and GLS (0.4 µM/g). On CP canola meal Trichoderma reesei (NRRL-3653), A. pullulans (NRRL-58522), and A. pullulans (NRRL-Y-2311-1) resulted in the greatest improvement in protein content (22.9, 16.9 and 15.4%, respectively), while reducing total GLS content from 60.6 µM/g to 1.0, 3.2 and 10.7 µM/g, respectively. Glucosinolate levels were reduced to 65.5 and 50.7% by thermal treatments while solid-state microbial conversion further reduced GLS up to 99 and 98% in HE and CP canola, respectively. Fiber levels increased due to the concentration effect of removing oligosaccharides and GLS.