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ARS Home » Southeast Area » New Orleans, Louisiana » Southern Regional Research Center » Food Processing and Sensory Quality Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #315535
Title: Bone formation: roles of genistein and daidzein

Author
item BATEMAN, MARJORIE - Tulane University
item STRONG, AMY - Tulane University
item BUROW, MATTHEW - Tulane University
item WANG, GUANGDI - Xavier University
item Boue, Stephen
item BUNNELL, BRUCE - Tulane University

Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/9/2015
Publication Date: 9/1/2015
Citation: Bateman, M., Strong, A.L., Burow, M., Wang, G., Boue, S.M., Bunnell, B.A. 2015. Bone formation: roles of genistein and daidzein. Book Chapter. 2015:111-168.

Interpretive Summary: Bone remodeling consists of a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Osteoporosis is the result of increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation causing a decreased bone mass density, loss of bone microarchitecture, and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is most common in postmenopausal women. In this chapter, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of phytoestrogens in promoting bone formation, and the use of phytoestrogens as potential therapeutic agents for osteoporosis will be presented. Two phytoestrogens that have gained significant attention are the soy compounds daidzein and genistein. Overall, daidzein and genistein share many cellular effects in animal studies. Studies have shown that genistein effectively reduces the effects of osteoporosis, while efficacy studies investigating daidzein have shown mixed results, which will be discussed. Several studies showed that daidzein is more efficient than genistein in preventing ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. With regard to the molecular signaling that induces these phenotypic cell-specific effects, daidzein and genistein both act primarily through estrogen receptor dependent mechanisms at lower concentrations, but may also act through different pathways at higher concentrations, which will be presented in this chapter. The importance of metabolites of daidzein and genistein and other phytoestrogens which may play a role in bone formation will also be addressed.

Technical Abstract: Bone remodeling consists of a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Osteoporosis is the result of increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation causing a decreased bone mass density, loss of bone microarchitecture, and an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is most common in postmenopausal women, primarily due to the effects of hypoestrogenemia. In this chapter, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of phytoestrogens in promoting osteogenesis and the use of phytoestrogens as potential therapeutic agents for osteoporosis will be presented. Two phytoestrogens that have gained significant attention are daidzein and genistein. Overall, daidzein and genistein share many cellular effects to reverse the phenotypes observed in ovariectomized animals. Studies have shown that genistein effectively reduces the effects of osteoporosis, while efficacy studies investigating daidzein have shown mixed results, which will be discussed. Several studies showed that daidzein is more efficient than genistein in preventing ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. With regard to the molecular signaling that induces these phenotypic cell-specific effects, daidzein and genistein both act primarily through estrogen receptor dependent mechanisms at lower concentrations, but may also act through different pathways at higher concentrations, which will be presented in this chapter. The importance of metabolites of daidzein and genistein and other phytoestrogens which may play a role in osteogenesis will also be addressed.