Drosophila suzukii population response to environment and management strategies

Authors: WIMAN, NIK - Oregon State University; DALTON, DANIEL - Oregon State University; ANFORA, GIANFRANCO - Fondazione Edmund Mach; BIONDI, ANTONIO - University Of Catania; CHIU, JOANNA - University Of California; DAANE, KENT - University Of California; GERDEMAN, BEVERLY - Washington State University; GOTTARDELLO, ANGELA - Fondazione Edmund Mach; HAMBY, KELLY - University Of California; ISAACS, RUFUS - Michigan State University; GRASSI, ALBERTO - Fondazione Edmund Mach; IORIATTI, CLAUDIO - Fondazione Edmund Mach; Lee, Jana; MILLER, BETSEY - Oregon State University; ROSSI STACCONI, M. VALERIO - Fondazione Edmund Mach; SHEARER, PETER - Oregon State University; TANIOGOSHI, LYNELL - Washington State University; WANG, XINGENG - University Of California; WALTON, VAUGHN - Oregon State University

Submitted to: Journal of Pest Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/21/2016
Publication Date: 4/1/2016
Citation: Wiman, N.G., Dalton, D.T., Anfora, G., Biondi, A., Chiu, J., Daane, K.M., Gerdeman, B., Gottardello, A., Hamby, K., Isaacs, R., Grassi, A., Ioriatti, C., Lee, J.C., Miller, B., Rossi Stacconi, M., Shearer, P.W., Taniogoshi, L., Wang, X., Walton, V.M. 2016. Drosophila suzukii population response to environment and management strategies. Journal of Pest Science. 89(3):653-665. doi: 10.1007/s10340-016-0757-4.

Interpretive Summary: Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) quickly emerged as a devastating invasive pest of small and stone fruits in the Americas and Europe. To better understand the population cycles of SWD, we reviewed recent work on development of larvae and pupae, adult reproduction, and seasonal variation in biological characteristics. Development from egg to adult is optimal at moderately warm temperatures, pupation can occur outside the fruit host, and larvae exhibit some immunity to parasitism. Adults use visual cues and vibrations for courtship and are most active during two peaks a day under “summer” conditions. Under 20-27°C and various conditions, development from egg to adult can take 10-17 days, females first laid eggs within 1 to 8 days and their lifetime fecundity varies from <100 to 636. Oviposition is consistently high in raspberry hosts and fruits with lower penetration force, and the presence of bacterial endosymbionts can lower fertility. SWD exhibit seasonal variation with a darker winter morph that is more cold tolerant. Also, SWD are no longer able to lay eggs in late fall, and colder temperatures and shorter day lengths influence reproduction.

Technical Abstract: Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, quickly emerged as a devastating invasive pest of small and stone fruits in the Americas and Europe. To better understand the population dynamics of D. suzukii, we reviewed recent work on juvenile development, adult reproduction, and seasonal variation in life history parameters including the abiotic/biotic factors that influence these processes. Juvenile development is optimal at moderately warm temperatures, pupation can occur outside the fruit host, and larvae exhibit some immunity to parasitism. Adults use visual cues and substrate-borne vibrations for courtship and exhibit a bimodal locomotor activity pattern under “summer” conditions. Under 20-27°C and various conditions, development from egg to adult can take 10-17 days, females first laid eggs within 1 to 8 days and their lifetime fecundity varies from <100 to 636. Oviposition is consistently high in raspberry hosts and fruits with lower penetration force, and the presence of Wolbachia endosymbionts can lower fertility. D. suzukii exhibit seasonal variation with a darker winter morph that is more cold tolerant. Also, D. suzukii undergo reproductive diapause in the fall, and colder temperatures and shorter day lengths influence reproduction. To develop viable IPM programs for D. suzukii, knowledge of abiotic and biotic conditions that impact D. suzukii life history parameters and population dynamics is critical.