Glycine max homologs of doesn't make infections 1, 2, and 3 function to impair heterodera glycines parasitism while also regulating mitogen activated protein kinase expression

Authors: KHATRI, RISHI - Mississippi State University; PANT, SHANKAR - Mississippi State University; SHARMA, KESHAV - Mississippi State University; NIRAULA, PRAKASH - Mississippi State University; LAWAJU, BISHO - Auburn University; LAWRENCE, KATHERINE - Auburn University; ALKHAROUF, NADIM - Towson University; Klink, Vincent

Submitted to: Frontiers in Plant Science
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/21/2022
Publication Date: 5/4/2022
Citation: Khatri, R., Pant, S.R., Sharma, K., Niraula, P.M., Lawaju, B.R., Lawrence, K.S., Alkharouf, N.W., Klink, V.P. 2022. Glycine max homologs of doesn't make infections 1, 2, and 3 function to impair heterodera glycines parasitism while also regulating mitogen activated protein kinase expression. Frontiers in Plant Science. 13:842597. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.842597.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.842597

Interpretive Summary: The process of symbiosis is important to plants, facilitating nutrient uptake and assimilation. The process of symbiosis is ancient in land plants, spanning a time frame of greater than 400 million years. Very little is understood regarding the extent of cross-talk between symbiosis and plant defense to pathogens. The analysis presented here has identified genes composing the common symbiosis pathway as being expressed in root cells undergoing a pathogenic attack, but leading to a successful defense response. Experiments are presented that show the symbiosis genes function in defense to a root pathogen. Furthermore, experiments show that the genes are under cross-talk with mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a signaling module known to have a clear role in plant defense.

Technical Abstract: Analyses identify Glycine max DOES NOT MAKE INFECTIONS 3 (DMI3) expression in root cells (syncytium) undergoing parasitism by the pathogenic nematode Heterodera glycines, but while undergoing a defense response. DMI3 encodes part of the common symbiosis pathway (CSP) involving DMI1, DMI2, and other CSP genes. The result identifies commonalities between symbiosis and defense. G. max has 3 DMI1, 12 DMI2 and 2 DMI3 paralogs. Laser capture microdissection gene expression experiments show G. max DMI1-3, DMI2-7 and DMI3-2 expression during the defense response in G. max[Peking/PI 548402] and G. max[PI 88788] to H. glycines parasitism. Transgenic overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) analyses for G. max DMI1-3, DMI2-7, and DMI3-2 reveal a defense function. RNA-seq analyses of root RNA from 9 H. glycines defense mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) undergoing overexpression or RNAi alters relative transcript abundances (RTAs) of specific DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 paralogs. The RTA of DMI3-2, expressed in syncytia undergoing defense, is also increased by MAPK3-1-OE. In contrast, an examination of MAPK3-1 and MAPK3-2 expression show their RTAs sometimes are influenced by transgenically-manipulated DMI1-3, DMI2-7, and DMI3-2 expression. The results show G. max homologs of the CSP and defense pathway are linked, apparently involving co-regulated gene expression.