Exopolysaccharides-mediated ZnO nanoparticles for the treatment of aquatic diseases in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

Authors: MUTHUKUMAR, ABINAYA - Alagappa University; SATHAPPAN, SHANTHI - Volcani Center (ARO); Jesudhasan, Palmy; AL-GHANIM, KHALID - King Saud University; MARIMUTHU, GOVINDARAJAN - Annamalai University Of India; BASKARALINGAM, VASEEHARAN - Alagappa University

Submitted to: Toxics
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/24/2023
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus cause diseases in Mozambique tilapia fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. In order to control the disease caused by the above bacteria, fish were fed with a diet containing exopolysaccharide (EPS) from probiotic Bacillus licheniformis along with zinc oxide nanoparticle (EPS-ZnO NPs). The fish were evaluated for growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune stimulation parameters. Fishes were divided into 4- groups, with 3-experimental groups fed-EPS & EPS-ZnO NPs at 2, 5 & 10 mg/g and the control group fed with basal diet. Improved growth performance was observed in fish feed with EPS, and EPS-ZnO NPs at 10 mg/g. The cellular & humoral immunological parameters were tested in serum and mucus after 15 and 30 days of post-feeding. Compared to the control, the immune parameters were substantially (p < 0.05) enhanced with 10 mg/g diet with EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs. Furthermore, the EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs supplement diet actively enhanced the antioxidant response (Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase). The diet supplementation with EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs lowered the mortality and provided disease resistance in O. mossambicus, ensuing challenge with A. hydrophila and V. parahaemolyticus at 50 µl. Based on the results obtained, this study suggests that the supplement-fed diet of EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs could be used as feed additives in aquaculture.

Technical Abstract: Herein, we scrutinized the efficacy of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from probiotic Bacillus licheniformis and its EPS-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticle (EPS-ZnO NPs) fed a diet to evaluate the growth parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, immune stimulation together with combat disease against Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Fishes were separated into 7-groups, with 6 experimental groups fed EPS & EPS-ZnO NPs at 2, 5 & 10 mg/g and a control fed-basal diet. The growth on feed sup-plemented with EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs at 10 mg/g improved growth performance. The cellular & humoral immunological parameters were tested in serum and mucus after 15&30 days of post-feeding. These actions were substantially enriched at 10 mg/g diet (p < 0.05) with EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs while correlating with the control. Furthermore, the EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs sup-plement diet actively enhanced the antioxidant response (Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase and Catalase). Besides, the supplementation-fed diet of EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs ine-luctably lowered the death rate and improved the disease combat of O. mossambicus ensuing assessment with A. hydrophila and V. parahaemolyticus at 50 µl. Hence, the overall result suggests that the supplement-fed diet of EPS and EPS-ZnO NPs might be used to ensure aquaculture feed additives.