Vaccine development strategies: For future aquaculture

Authors: BASKARALINGAM, VASESSHARAN - Alagappa University; Jesudhasan, Palmy

Submitted to: Book Chapter
Publication Type: Book / Chapter
Publication Acceptance Date: 3/20/2024
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: N/A

Interpretive Summary: Aquaculture, also known as aqua-farming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, algae, and other organisms in all types of water environments. It's basically like farming, but done in water. There are different types of aquaculture such as marine aquaculture, freshwater aquaculture, brackish water aquaculture. There are many benefits to aquaculture, including; increased food production, improved food security, economic development, environmental benefits. However, there are also some challenges associated with aquaculture, including: disease, pollution, habitat destruction. Despite these challenges, aquaculture is a promising industry with the potential to provide a sustainable source of food for the world's growing population. As technology and practices continue to improve, aquaculture is likely to play an increasingly important role in our food system. Diseases cause a major economic lose to the industry. To control disease, vaccination is the best option and in this book, we talk about the history of vaccine, vaccine development, and application of different vaccines to aquaculture animals.

Technical Abstract: Fish and other aquatic animal farming is a relatively recent type of bio-production in many nations when compared to animal husbandry. Antibiotics or chemotherapeutics were utilized to treat or even prevent infections when they surfaced in aquaculture operations. Over the past fifty years, vaccination of aquatic animal has been a crucial disease management method that has considerably increased the production of aquaculture around the world. On grounds of the environment, society, and economy, vaccination is generally regarded as the most efficient preventive approach for preventing illnesses in aquatic animals. Although Louis Pasteur's "isolate, inactivate, and inject" strategy served as the historical basis for producing vaccines for aquatic animals. In general the inactivated vaccines have poor immunogenicity and efficacies caused the field to change from conventional to next-generation approaches. In 1976, the United States granted a license for the first aquaculture vaccine, a vaccination for the prevention of yersiniosis in salmonid fish. Since that time, the use of vaccinations has expanded to new nations and new species at the same time that the aquaculture sector is expanding. This book provides history and overview of vaccine development for aquatic animals, development and application of vaccines to aquatic animals, and immunization. Aquaculture will benefit as more recent advancements in vaccine manufacture, processing, storage, and novel administration methods become accessible. Although new technologies hold great promise, it is more likely that existing vaccinations will be improved rather than fully replaced in the next five to ten years.