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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Athens, Georgia » U.S. National Poultry Research Center » Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research » People & Locations » Stephen Spatz
Stephen Spatz
Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research
Microbiologist

Phone: (706) 546-3463
Fax: (706) 546-3161

(Employee information on this page comes from the REE Directory. Please contact your front office staff to update the REE Directory.)

Projects
Elucidation of Molecular Determinants of Avian Herpesviruses Virulence and Evolution to Inform the Development of Safe and Effective Vaccines
In-House Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 441124
Generation of a Newcastle Disease Vaccines That Protect Against Infectious Laryngotracheitis and Marek's Disease which can be Delivered in Ovo
Interagency Reimbursable Agreement (I)
  Accession Number: 443996
vIL4 Virus Characterization
Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement (S)
  Accession Number: 444879
Development of mRNA-based Vaccines for Heterosubtypic Protection Against Infectious Bronchitis and Infectious Laryngotracheitis Viruses
Trust Fund Cooperative Agreement (T)
  Accession Number: 441516

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Non-targeted RNA sequencing: towards the development of universal clinical diagnosis methods for human and veterinary infectious diseases Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Afonso, C., Spatz, S.J. 2024. Non-targeted RNA sequencing: towards the development of universal clinical diagnosis methods for human and veterinary infectious diseases. Veterinary Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11060239.
Phenotypic characterization of recombinant Marek’s disease virus in live birds validates polymorphisms associated with virulence Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, T.N., Hearn, C.J., Mays, J.K., Velez-Irizarry, D., Reddy, S.M., Spatz, S.J., Cheng, H.H., Dunn, J.R. 2023. Phenotypic characterization of recombinant Marek’s disease virus in live birds validates polymorphisms associated with virulence. Viruses. 15(11):2263. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15112263.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinant expressing Marek’s disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B protects chickens against MDV and NDV challenges Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
He, L., Spatz, S.J., Dunn, J.R., Yu, Q. 2023. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinant expressing Marek’s disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B protects chickens against MDV and NDV challenges. Vaccine. 41(40):5884-5891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.038.
Proteogenomic and expression profiling of Marek’s disease virus during fully productive replication in the host - (Abstract Only)
Viral proteogenomic and expression profiling during productive replication of a skin-tropic herpesvirus in the natural host Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Volkening, J.D., Spatz, S.J., Ponnuraj, N., Akbar, H., Arrington, J.V., Vega-Rodriguez, W., Jaronsinski, K.W. 2023. Viral proteogenomic and expression profiling during productive replication of a skin-tropic herpesvirus in the natural host. PLoS Pathogens. 19(6):e1011204. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011204.
Reconstitution and mutagenesis of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus from cosmid and yeast centromeric plasmid clones Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Fuchs, W., Loncoman, C., Volkening, J., Ross, T.A., Riblet, S., Kim, T.N., Likens, N., Mettenleiter, T. 2023. Reconstitution and mutagenesis of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus from cosmid and yeast centromeric plasmid clones. Journal of Virology. 97(4). Article e01406-22. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01406-22.
The alphaherpesvirus conserved pUS10 is important for natural infection and its expression is regulated by the conserved Herpesviridae protein kinase (CHPK) Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ponnuraj, N., Akbar, H., Arrington, J.V., Spatz, S.J., Nagarajan, B., Desai, U.R., Jarosinski, K.W. 2023. The alphaherpesvirus conserved pUS10 is important for natural infection and its expression is regulated by the conserved Herpesviridae protein kinase (CHPK). PLoS Pathogens. 19(2):e1010959. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010959.
Evaluation of Newcastle disease virus LaSota strain attenuated by codon pair deoptimization of the HN and F genes for in ovo vaccination Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Eldemery, F., Ou, C., Kim, T.N., Spatz, S.J., Dunn, J.R., Silva, R.F., Yu, Q. 2022. Evaluation of Newcastle disease virus LaSota strain attenuated by codon pair deoptimization of the HN and F genes for in ovo vaccination. Veterinary Microbiology. 277:109625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109625.
A five-year surveillance study of vaccination schedules using viral-vectored vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis in a high-density layer region Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Santos, W.H., Spatz, S.J., Ecco, R., Wenceslau, R., Hergot, I.G., De Rocha, C.M., Ferreira, H.L., Resende, M., Martins, N.R., De Oliveira, L.B., Leão, P.A. 2022. A five-year surveillance study of vaccination schedules using viral-vectored vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis in a quarantine high-density layer region. Avian Diseases. 42:Article e07037. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-7037.
Circulation and molecular characterization of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) in commercial turkey and meat chicken flocks in Australia Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gerber, P.F., Spatz, S.J., Alfirevich, S., Walkden-Brown, S.W. 2022. Circulation and molecular characterization of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) in commercial turkey and meat chicken flocks in Australia. Avian Diseases. 66(1):53-59. https://doi.org/10.1637/21-00095.
Family Herpesviridae Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davison, A.J., Depledge, D.P., Trimpert, J., Stewart, J.P., Spatz, S.J., Schmid, S., Hartley, C.A., Szpara, M.L., Jarosinski, K.W., Vaz, P.K. 2021. Family Herpesviridae. Journal of General Virology. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001673.
The tegument protein pUL47 of Marek’s disease virus is necessary for horizontal transmission and is important for expression of glycoprotein gC Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chuard, A., Courvoisier-Guyader, K., Remy, S., Spatz, S.J., Denesvre, C., Pasdeloup, D. 2020. The tegument protein pUL47 of Marek’s disease virus is necessary for horizontal transmission and is important for expression of glycoprotein gC. Journal of Virology. 95(2):1-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01645-20.
Attenuation of NDV LaSota strain by codon pair deoptimization of the HN and F genes is not sufficient for in ovo vaccination - (Abstract Only)
Pervasive differential splicing in Marek’s Disease Virus can discriminate CVI-988 vaccine strain from RB-1B virulent strain in chicken embryonic fibroblasts Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sadigh, Y., Tahiri-Alaoui, A., Spatz, S.J., Nair, V., Ribeca, P. 2020. Pervasive differential splicing in Marek’s Disease Virus can discriminate CVI-988 vaccine strain from RB-1B virulent strain in chicken embryonic fibroblasts. Viruses. 12(3), 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12030329.
Vaccinal efficacy of molecularly cloned Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 strain 301B/1 against very virulent Marek’s disease virus challenge Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, T.N., Spatz, S.J., Dunn, J.R. 2020. Vaccinal efficacy of molecularly cloned Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 strain 301B/1 against very virulent Marek’s disease virus challenge. Journal of General Virology. 101(5):542-552. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001403.
Comparative molecular characterization of three Gallid alphaherpesvirus type 3 strains 301B/1, HPRS24, and SB-1 Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, T.N., Volkening, J.D., Spatz, S.J. 2020. Comparative molecular characterization of three Gallid alphaherpesvirus type 3 strains 301B/1, HPRS24, and SB-1. Avian Diseases. 64(2):174-182. https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-64.2.174.
Codon pair deoptimization of the HN and F of NDV LaSota strain does not significantly attenuate the virus for in ovo vaccination - (Abstract Only)
Eldemery, F., Ou, C., Kim, T.N., Spatz, S.J., Dunn, J.R., Silva, R.F., Yu, Q. 2020. Codon pair deoptimization of the HN and F of NDV LaSota strain does not significantly attenuate the virus for in ovo vaccination. Proceedings of Southern Conference on Avian Diseases. In: ABSTRACTS of 2020 International Poultry Scientific Forum, p73. Atlanta, GA, 28-30 January 2020.
Genetic stability of a Newcastle disease virus vectored infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine after serial passages in chicken embryos Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yu, Q., Li, Y., Dimitrov, K., Afonso, C.L., Spatz, S.J., Zsak, L. 2020. Genetic stability of a Newcastle disease virus vectored infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine after serial passages in chicken embryos. Vaccine. 38(4):925-932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.074.
MinION sequencing to genotype US strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. - (Abstract Only)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Riblet, S., Ross, T.A., Volkening, J., Taylor, T.L., Kim, T.N., Afonso, C.L. 2019. MinION sequencing to genotype US strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus [abstract]. The American Association of Avian Pathologist Annual Meeting, Washington D.C, August 2-6, 2019.
Vaccinal efficacy of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 strain 301B/1 from BAC clone against Marek’s disease virus challenge - (Abstract Only)
Kim, T.N., Dunn, J.R., Spatz, S.J. 2019. Vaccinal efficacy of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 strain 301B/1 from BAC clone against Marek’s disease virus challenge [abstract]. American Association of Avian Pathologists Annual Meeting, Washington D.C., August 2-6, 2019.
Genotyping of infectious laryngotracheitis virus using MinION sequencing. - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Riblet, S., Ross, T.A., Volkening, J., Taylor, T.L., Kim, T.N., Afonso, C.L. 2019. Genotyping of infectious laryngotracheitis virus using MinION sequencing. Proceedings of the Herpesvirus International Workshop, Knoxville, Tennessee, July 20-24, 2019.
Investigation of the virus genome concatemers of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 during in vitro replication by MinION sequencing - (Abstract Only)
Kim, T.N., Spatz, S.J. 2019. Investigation of the virus genome concatemers of Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 during in vitro replication by MinION sequencing [abstract]. 44th Annual Herpesvirus Workshop, Knoxville, Tennessee, July 20-24, 2019.
MinION sequencing to genotype US strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Riblet, S., Ross, T.A., Volkening, J.D., Taylor, T.L., Kim, T.N., Afonso, C.L. 2019. MinION sequencing to genotype US strains of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus. Avian Pathology. 48(3):255-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2019.1579298.
Research Update: Avian Disease & Oncology Lab and Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Unit - (Proceedings)
Dunn, J.R., Cheng, H., Heidari, M., Zhang, H., Kim, T.N., Spatz, S.J., Yu, Q. 2018. Research Update: Avian Disease & Oncology Lab and Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Unit. Proceedings of the United States Animal Health Association Annual Meeting, October 18-24, 2018.
Reconstitution of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus using bacterial and yeast genomic assembly - (Abstract Only)
Garcia, M., Spatz, S.J., Fuchs, W., Ross, T.A., Riblet, S., Kim, T.N., Locoman, Volkening, J. 2018. Reconstitution of the infectious laryngotracheitis virus using bacterial and yeast genomic assembly [abstract]. 12th International Symposium on Marek's Disease and Avian Herpesviruses, Yangzhou China, July 29-August 2, 2018.
Recombineering of the infectious laryngotracheitis genome using synthetic genomics assembly - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Fuchs, W., Ross, T.A., Riblet, S., Kim, T.N., Locoman, C., Volkening, J. 2018. Recombineering of the infectious laryngotracheitis genome using synthetic genomics assembly. Proceedings of the 43rd International Herpesvirus Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, July 21-25, 2018.
Protective efficacy of molecularly cloned Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 vaccine strain 301B/1 against very virulent Marek’s disease virus challenge - (Abstract Only)
Kim, T.N., Dunn, J.R., Spatz, S.J. 2018. Protective efficacy of molecularly cloned Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3 vaccine strain 301B/1 against very virulent Marek’s disease virus challenge [abstract]. Annual International Herpesvirus Workshop, Vancouver, Canada, July 21-25, 2018.
Genomic sequence analysis of Gallid herpesvirus 3 vaccine strain 301B/1 - (Abstract Only)
Kim, T.N., Spatz, S.J., Volkening, J.D. 2018. Genomic sequence analysis of Gallid herpesvirus 3 vaccine strain 301B/1 [abstract]. Annual Convention of the American Association of Avian Pathologist, Denver, Colorado, July 14-17, 2018.
Recombineering of the infectious laryngotracheitis genome using synthetic genomics assembly - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Fuchs, W., Ross, T.A., Riblet, S., Kim, T.N., Miller, P.J., Volkening, J., Afonso, C.L. 2018. Recombineering of the infectious laryngotracheitis genome using synthetic genomics assembly. Proceedings of the American Association of Avian pathologists Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, July 13-17, 2018.
Maternally derived antibodies in commercial broiler chickens did not significantly interfere with protection of Newcastle disease virus vectored infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines - (Abstract Only)
Genetic diversity of infectious laryngotracheitis virus during in vivo coinfection parallels viral replication and arises from recombination hot spots within the genome Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Loncoman, C.A., Hartley, C.A., Coppo, M.C., Vaz, P.K., Diaz-Mendez, A., Browning, G.F., Garcia, M., Spatz, S.J., Devlin, J.M. 2017. Genetic diversity of infectious laryngotracheitis virus during in vivo coinfection parallels viral replication and arises from recombination hot spots within the genome. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 83(23):e01532-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01532-17.
A phylogenomic analysis of Marek’s disease virus reveals independent paths to virulence in Eurasia and North America Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Trimpert, J., Groenke, N., Jenckel, M., He, S., Kunec, D., Szpara, M.L., Spatz, S.J., Osterrieder, N., Mcmahon, D.P. 2017. A phylogenomic analysis of Marek’s disease virus reveals independent paths to virulence in Eurasia and North America. Evolutionary Applications. 10(10):1091-1101. https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12515.
Infectious laryngotracheitis genomics: What’s circulating in the backyard flocks from the United States? - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Riblet, S., Ross, T.A., Garcia, M. 2017. Infectious laryngotracheitis genomics: What’s circulating in the backyard flocks from the United States?. In Proceedings of the 66th Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 20-22, 2017 Sacramento, California. 2017 p. 177-182.
Newcastle disease virus vectored infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines protect commercial broiler chickens in the presence of maternally derived antibodies Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Yu, Q., Spatz, S.J., Li, Y., Yang, J., Zhao, W., Zhang, Z., Wen, G., Garcia, M., Zsak, L. 2017. Newcastle disease virus vectored infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines protect commercial broiler chickens in the presence of maternally derived antibodies. Vaccine. 35(5):789-795. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.038.
Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases 2016 Research Update - (Proceedings)
Attenuation and protection efficacy of open reading frame C (ORF C) gene deleted recombinant of infection was laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Ross, T.A., Garcia, M., Cheng, Y., Riblet, S., Schneiders, G., Volkening, J. 2016. Attenuation and protection efficacy of open reading frame C (ORF C) gene deleted recombinant of infection was laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Journal of General Virology. 97:2352-2362. https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000521.
Protective efficacy of a recombinant bacterial artificial chromosome clone of a very virulent Marek’s disease virus containing a reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mays, J.K., Black Pyrkosz, A.A., Spatz, S.J., Fadly, A.M., Dunn, J.R. 2016. Protective efficacy of a recombinant bacterial artificial chromosome clone of a very virulent Marek’s disease virus containing a reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat. Avian Pathology. 45(6):1-31. doi:10.1080/03079457.2016.1197376.
Novel immunogenic composition - (Pct (patent Cooperation Treaty))
Yu, Q., Spatz, S.J., Zsak, L. 2015. Novel immunogenic composition. Patent Application. PCT/US2015/015848. https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2015130492.
Generation of Newcastle diease virus (NDV) recombinants expressing the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) glycoprotein gB or gD as dual vaccines Reprint Icon - (Book / Chapter)
Zhao, W., Spatz, S.J., Zsak, L., Yu, Q. 2016. Generation of Newcastle diease virus (NDV) recombinants expressing the infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) glycoprotein gB or gD as dual vaccines. In: Thomas, S.,editor. Vaccine Design: Methods and Protocols. volume 2. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media. p.89-101.
Evaluation of bivalent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines in broiler chickens in the presence of NDV maternally derived antibody - (Abstract Only)
Yu, Q., Spatz, S.J., Zhang, Z., Yang, J., Garcia, M., Zsak, L. 2015. Evaluation of bivalent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored infectious laryngotracheitis vaccines in broiler chickens in the presence of NDV maternally derived antibody [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Meeting of the American Association of Avian Pathologists, July 11-14, 2015, Boston, Massachusetts. p.21.
Reconstitution of infectious laryngotracheitis from a collection of overlapping cosmid clones - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Riblet, S., Ross, T.A. 2015. Reconstitution of infectious laryngotracheitis from a collection of overlapping cosmid clones. In: Proceedings of the Sixty-Fourth Western Poultry Disease Conference, March 22-25, 2015, Sacramento, California. p. 134-138.
Development of a non invasion real-time PCR assay for the quantitation of chicken parvovirus in fecal swabs - (Proceedings)
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinants expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) glycoproteins gB and gD protect chickens against ILTV and NDV challenges Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zhao, W., Spatz, S.J., Zhang, Z., Wen, G., Garcia, M., Zsak, L., Yu, Q. 2014. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinants expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) glycoproteins gB and gD protect chickens against ILTV and NDV challenges. Journal of Virology. 88:8397-8406. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01321-14.
Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine vector for infectious laryngotracheitis - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Yu, Q., Zsak, L., Garcia, M. 2014. Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine vector for infectious laryngotracheitis. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Marek's Disease and Avian Herpesviruses, July 20-23, 2014, East Lansing, Michigan. p. 66.
Molecular characterization of the complete genome of falconid herpesvirus strain S-18 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Volkening, J.D., Ross, T.A. 2014. Molecular characterization of the complete genome of falconid herpesvirus strain S-18. Virus Research. 188:109-121.
Development of a high throughput TaqMan assay for the detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in vector vaccinated chickens - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Garcia, M., Yu, Q., Zsak, L. 2014. Development of a high throughput TaqMan assay for the detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in vector vaccinated chickens. In: Proceedings of the American Association of Avian Pathologists meeting, July 25-29, 2014, Denver, Colorado. p. 885.
Antibody response to chicken parvovirus following inoculation with inactivated virus and recombinant viruses expressing chicken parvovirus viral protein 2(VP2). - (Abstract Only)
Zsak, L., Yu, Q., Spatz, S.J. 2014. Antibody response to chicken parvovirus following inoculation with inactivated virus and recombinant viruses expressing chicken parvovirus viral protein 2(VP2) [abstract]. Annual Meeting of American Association of Avian Pathologists. p. 92.
Sequence analysis of CVI988-based vaccine, pCVI988-699-2-RV that has undergone a reversion to virulence - (Proceedings)
Rojas-Amortegui, J., Dong, H., Katneni, U., Gaddamanugu, S., Tavlarides-Hontz, P., Parcells, M.S., Abdo, Z., Spatz, S.J. 2014. Sequence analysis of CVI988-based vaccine, pCVI988-699-2-RV that has undergone a reversion to virulence. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Marek's Disease and Avian Herpesviruses, July 20-23, 2014, East Lansing, Michigan. p. 39.
In vivo selection of CVI988 based vaccine, pCVI988-699-2: characterization of its efficacy and safety - (Proceedings)
McDowell, E., Dong, H., Katneni, U., Gaddamanugu, S., Tavlarides-Hontz, P., Parcells, M.S., Shaikh, S.R., Spatz, S.J. 2014. In vivo selection of CVI988 based vaccine, pCVI988-699-2: characterization of its efficacy and safety. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Marek's Disease and Avian Herpesviruses, July 20-23, 2014, East Lansing, Michigan. p. 65.
Molecular epidemiology of infectious laryngotracheitis: a review Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Menendez, K.R., Garcia, M., Spatz, S.J., Tablante, N.L. 2014. Molecular epidemiology of infectious laryngotracheitis: a review. Avian Pathology. 43(2):108-117. DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2014.886004.
Expression of chicken parvovirus VP2 in chicken embryo fibroblasts requires codon optimization for production of naked DNA and vectored Meleagrid herpesvirus type 1 vaccines - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Volkening, J.D., Mullis, R.A., Li, F., Mercado, J.C., Zsak, L. 2013. Expression of chicken parvovirus VP2 in chicken embryo fibroblasts requires codon optimization for production of naked DNA and vectored meleagrid herpesvirus type 1 vaccines. Virus Genes. 47:259-267. DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0944-9.
Genomic sequence analysis of the United States infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine strains chicken embryo origin (CEO) and tissue culture origin (TCO) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Garcia, M., Volkening, J., Riblet, S., Spatz, S.J. 2013. Genomic sequence analysis of the United States infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine strains chicken embryo origin (CEO) and tissue culture origin (TCO). Virology. 440(1):64-74. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.007.
Genomics sequence analysis of the United States infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine strains chicken embryo origin (CEO) and tissue culture origin (TCO) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Garcia, M., Volkening, J., Riblet, S., Spatz, S.J. 2013. Genomics sequence analysis of the United States infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine strains chicken embryo origin (CEO) and tissue culture origin (TCO). Virology. 440(2013):64-74. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.007.
Comparative full genome sequence analysis of columbid herpesvirus-1 and falconid herpesvirus-1 - (Proceedings)
Understanding the role of ORF-C gene in the pathogenicity of infectious laryngotracheitis virus - (Proceedings)
Attenuation, transmission, and immunogenicity of an ORF-C gene deleted strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) in specific pathogen free chickens - (Proceedings)
Identification and characterization of the genomic termini and cleavage/packaging signals of gallid herpesvirus 2 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Volkening, J.D., Spatz, S.J. 2013. Identification and characterization of the genomic termini and cleavage/packaging signals of gallid herpesvirus 2. Avian Diseases. 57(2):401-408.
Infectious Laryngotracheitis - (Book / Chapter)
Garcia, M., Spatz, S.J., Guy, J.S. 2013. Infectious Laryngotracheitis. In: Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., McDougald, L.R., Nolan, L.K., Suarez, D.L., Venugopal, N, editors. Diseases of Poultry. 13th edition. Ames, IA: John Wiley and Sons, INC. p.161-179.
Dynamic equilibrium of Marek’s disease genomes during in vitro serial passage - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Volkening, J.D., Gimeno, I.M., Heidari, M., Witter, R.L. 2012. Dynamic equilibrium of Marek’s disease genomes during in vitro serial passage. Virus Genes. 45:526-536. DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0792-z.
Identification and characterization of the genomic termini and cleavage/packaging signals of gallid herpesvirus 2 - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Volkening, J. 2012. Identification and characterization of the genomic termini and cleavage/packaging signals of gallid herpesvirus 2. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Marek's Disease and Avian Herpesviruses, June 24-28, 2012, Berlin, Germany. p.27.
Comparative full genome analysis of four infectious laryngotracheitis virus (gallid herpesvirus-1) virulent isolates from the United States - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Keeler, C.L., Kutish, G.F., Riblet, S.M., Volkening, J.D., Zsak, L., Afonso, C.L., Mundt, E.S., Rock, D.L., Garcia, M. 2012. Comparative full genome analysis of four infectious laryngotracheitis virus (gallid herpesvirus-1) virulent isolates from the United States. Virus Genes. 44:273-85.
Thermal inactivation of avian viral and bacterial pathogens in an effluent treatment system within a biosafety level 2 and 3 enhanced facility. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chmielewski, R.A., Day, J.M., Spatz, S.J., Yu, Q., Gast, R.K., Zsak, L., Swayne, D.E. 2011. Thermal inactivation of avian viral and bacterial pathogens in an effluent treatment system within a biosafety level 2 and 3 enhanced facility. Applied Biosafety. 16:206-217.
Development of a transfer plasmid for expression of foreign genes in meleagrid herpesvirus type 1 - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Zsak, L. 2011. Development of a transfer plasmid for expression of foreign genes in meleagrid herpesvirus type 1. American Association of Avian Pathologists. 1(1):237.
Genotypic characterization of two bacterial artificial chromosome clones derived from a single DNA source of the very virulent gallid herpesvirus-2 strain C12/130 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Smith, L.P., Baigent, S.J., Petherbridge, L., Nair, V. 2011. Genotypic characterization of two bacterial artificial chromosome clones derived from a single DNA source of the very virulent gallid herpesvirus-2 strain C12/130. Journal of General Virology. 92:1500-1507
Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine strain SB-1 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Schat, K.A. 2011. Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine strain SB-1. Virus Genes. 42:331-338.
Nucleotide sequence discrepancies within the GA strain of Marek's disease virus - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Lee, L.F., Silva, R.F. 2011. Nucleotide sequence discrepancies within the GA strain of Marek's disease virus. Western Poultry Disease Conference. 134-139.
Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine strain SB-1 - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Karel, S. 2010. Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek's desease vaccine strain SB-1. International Marek's Disease Symposium Abstracts and Proceedings. 1(1):141.
Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of three virulent strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Afonso, C.L., Zsak, L., Garcia, M., Mundt, E., Riblet, S., Keeler, C., Rock, D. 2010. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of three virulent strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. Workshop on Molecular Pathogenesis of Marek's Disease and Avian Immunology. 1(1): 59.
Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of three virulent strains of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) - (Proceedings)
Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine SB-1 - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Schat, K. 2010. Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine SB-1. Herpesvirus International Workshop. 1(1):9-32.
Accumulation of attenuating mutations in varying proportions within a high passage very virulent plus strain of gallid herpesvirus type 2. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J. 2010. Accumulation of attenuating mutations in varying proportions within a high passage very virulent plus strain of gallid herpesvirus type 2.Virus Res 149(2):135-42.
The genomes of Marek’s disease virus exist as quasispecies at defined intervals during serial passage-induced attenuation - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Gimeno, I.M., Witter, R.L., Heidari, M. 2010. The genomes of Marek’s disease virus exist as quasispecies at defined intervals during serial passage-induced attenuation. Western Poultry Disease Conference. 1(1):90-91.
Evolutionary Genomics of Marek's Disease Virus - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J. 2009. Evolutionary Genomics of Marek's Disease Virus. Meeting Proceedings. 1(1):8.
Cell surface display of highly pathogenic avian influenza hemagglutinin on the surface of Pichia pastoris cells using alpha-agglutinin for production of oral vaccines - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Wasilenko, J.L., Sarmento, L., Spatz, S.J., Pantin Jackwood, M.J. 2010. Cell surface display of highly pathogenic avian influenza hemagglutinin on the surface of Pichia pastoris cells using alpha-agglutinin for production of oral vaccines. Biotechnology Progress. 26(2):542-547.
The genomes of Marek’s disease virus exist as quasispecies at defined intervals during serial passage-induced attenuation - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Gimeno, I.M., Heidari, M. 2009. The genomes of Marek’s disease virus exist as quasispecies at defined intervals during serial passage-induced attenuation. Herpesvirus International Workshop. 1(1):6-32.
Accumulation of quasi-species during serial passage-induced attenuation of Marek's Disease Virus-1 (MDV-1) - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Gimeno, I.M., Heidari, M. 2009. Accumulation of quasi-species during serial passage-induced attenuation of Marek's Disease Virus-1 (MDV-1). American Association of Avian Pathologists. 1(1): 128.
Vaccination of chickens against avian influenza using yeast cell surface display of H5 hemagglutinin - (Abstract Only)
Wasilenko, J.L., Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Sarmento, L., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., Spatz, S.J. 2009. Vaccination of chickens against avian influenza using yeast cell surface display of H5 hemagglutinin [abstract]. 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, April 5-9, 2009, Athens, Georgia, p. 60.
Purification of Marek's disease virus DNA for 454 pyrosequencing using micrococcal nuclease digestion and polyethylene glycol precipitation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Volkening, J.D., Spatz, S.J. 2009. Purification of DNA from the cell-associated herpesvirus Marek's disease virus for 454 pyrosequencing using micrococcal nuclease digestion and polyethylene glycol precipitation. Journal of Virological Methods. 157(1):55-61.
Identification of Marek's disease virus genes mutated during serial passage-induced attenuation. - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Gimeno, I.M., Heidari, M. 2008. Identification of Marek's disease virus genes mutated during serial passage-induced attenuation.. Meeting Proceedings. 1(1): 188.
Clustering of mutations within the inverted repeat regions of a serially-passaged attenuated gallid herpesvirus type 2 strain. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Rue, C.A., Schumacher, D., Osterrieder, N. 2008. Clustering of mutations within the inverted repeat regions of a serially-passaged attenuated gallid herpesvirus type 2 strain. Virus Genes. 37:69-80.
High titer growth of human and avian influenza viruses in an immortalized chick embryo cell line without the need for exogenous proteases - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Smith, K.A., Colvin, C.L., Weber, P.S., Spatz, S.J., Coussens, P.M. 2008. High titer growth of human and avian influenza viruses in an immortalized chick embryo cell line without the need for exogenous proteases. Vaccine. 26:3778-3782.
Marek’s disease virus genomics - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J. 2008. Marek’s disease virus genomics. International Marek's Disease Symposium Abstracts and Proceedings. 1(1):14.
Sequence determination of a mildly virulent strain (CU-2) of Gallid herpesvirus type 2 using 454 pyrosequencing - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Rue, C.A. 2008. Sequence determination of a mildly virulent strain (CU-2) of Gallid herpesvirus type 2 using 454 pyrosequencing. Virus Genes. 36:479-489.
Characterization of the a-like sequences of attenuated and nonattenuated strains of Marek's disease virus - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Rue, C.A. 2007. Characterization of the a-like sequences of attenuated and nonattenuated strains of Marek's disease virus. Research Workers in Animal Diseases Conference Proceedings. p. 115.
Research update on exotic and emerging poultry diseases - (Proceedings)
Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Suarez, D.L., Zsak, L., Spackman, E., Kapczynski, D.R., King, D.J., Afonso, C.L., Day, J.M., Spatz, S.J., Yu, Q., Swayne, D.E. 2007. Research update on exotic and emerging poultry diseases. In: Proceedings of the 111th Annual Meeting of the U. S. Animal Health Association, Reno, Nevada, October 22-23, 2007. p. 702-707. Available: http://www.usaha.org/meetings/2007/2007_USAHA_Proceedings.pdf.
Horizontal transmission of Marek’s disease virus requires both the unique-long (UL) 13 protein kinase (UL13) and the UL44 glycoprotein C - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Jarosinski, K.W., Margulis, N.G., Kamil, J.P., Spatz, S.J., Nair, V.K., Osterrieder, N. 2007. Horizontal transmission of Marek’s disease virus requires US2, the UL13 protein kinase, and gC. Journal of Virology. Oct;81(19):10575-87.
Comparative sequence analysis of a highly oncogenic but horizontal spread-defective clone of Marek's disease virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Zhao, Y., Petherbridge, L., Smith, L., Baigent, S., Nair, V. 2007. Comparative sequence analysis of a highly oncogenic but horizontal spread-defective clone of Marek's disease virus. Virus Genes. 35:753-766.
Comparative sequence analysis of a highly oncogenic but horizontal spread-deficient clone of Marek's disease virus - (Proceedings)
Spatz, S.J., Zhao, Y., Petherbridge, L., Smith, L.P., Baigent, S.J., Nair, V. 2007. Comparative sequence analysis of a highly oncogenic but horizontal spread-deficient clone of Marek's disease virus [abstract]. 32nd Annual International Herpesvirus International Workshop. Paper No. 6.24.
Characterization of the a-like sequences of attenuated and nonattenuated strains of Marek's Disease Virus 1 (MDV-1) - (Proceedings)
Rue, C.A., Spatz, S.J. 2007. Characterization of the a-like sequences of attenuated and nonattenuated strains of Marek's Disease Virus 1 (MDV-1).[abstract]. Herpesvirus International Workshop. Poster 6.24
Sequence determination of variable regions within the genomes of Gallid herpesvirus-2 pathotypes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Silva, R.F. 2007. Sequence determination of variable regions within the genomes of Gallid herpesvirus-2 pathotypes. Archives of Virology. Available: http://www.springerlink.com/content/ku4064776312w861/.
Comparative Full Length Sequence Analysis of Oncogenic and Vaccine (Rispens) Strains of Marek's Disease Virus - (Abstract Only)
Spatz, S.J., Petherbridge, L., Zhao, Y., Nair, V. 2006. Comparative Full Length Sequence Analysis of Oncogenic and Vaccine (Rispens) Strains of Marek's Disease Virus. Proceedings of 87th Conference for Research Workers in Animal Diseases. p. 166.
Comparative full-length sequence analysis of oncogenic and vaccine (Rispens) strains of Marek's disease virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Nair, V. 2007. Comparative full-length sequence analysis of oncogenic and vaccine (Rispens) strains of Marek's disease virus. Journal of General Virology. 88:1080-1096.
GLOBAL GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING DURING CYTOLYTIC INFECTION OF MAREK'S DISEASE VIRUS: ARRAY ANALYSIS OF HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS - (Abstract Only)
Heidari, M., Huebner, M., Zhang, H.M., Silva, R.F., Spatz, S.J., Kireev, D. 2006. Global gene expression profiling during cytolytic infection of Marek's disease virus: array analysis of host-pathogen interactions [abstract]. 4th International Workshop on Molecular Pathogenesis of Marek's Disease Virus. p. 8.
ROLE OF UL13 IN GENERATING CELL-FREE MDV - (Abstract Only)
Silva, R.F., Lee, L.F., Heidari, M., Gimeno, I.M., Spatz, S.J., Zelepsky, J. 2006. The role of UL13 in generating cell-free MDV [abstract]. 4th International Workshop on Molecular Pathogenesis of Marek's Disease Virus. p. 28.
POLYMORPHISMS IN THE LONG REPEAT REGIONS OF ONCOGENIC AND ATTENUATED PATHOTYPES OF MAREK'S DISEASE VIRUS 1 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spatz, S.J., Silva, R.F. 2007. Polymorphisms in the long repeat regions of oncogenic and attenuated pathotypes of Marek's disease virus 1. Virus Genes. 35(1):41-53.
POLYMORPHISMS IN THE GENOMES OF ONCOGENIC AND ATTENUATED PATHOTYPES OF MAREK'S DISEASE VIRUS SEROTYPE 1 - (Abstract Only)
Spatz, S.J., Nair, V. 2006. Polymorphisms in the genomes of oncogenic and attenuated pathotypes of marek's disease virus serotype 1. American Veterinary Medical Association, July 20-22, 2006, Honolulu, HI. 2006 CDROM.
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