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ARS Home » Plains Area » Clay Center, Nebraska » U.S. Meat Animal Research Center » Meat Safety and Quality » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #281304
Title: Results of anti-mortem screening methodology to predict prescribed drug withholding periods for flunixin and ceftiofur in heifers

Author
item SALTER, ROBERT - Charm Sciences, Inc
item Jones, Shuna
item Wells, James - Jim
item GRIFFIN, DEE - University Of Nebraska
item SHUCK, KAREN - University Of Nebraska
item GOLDSMITH, TIM - University Of Minnesota
item RAPNICKI, PAUL - University Of Minnesota

Submitted to: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/1/2012
Publication Date: 9/22/2012
Citation: Salter, R., Jones, S., Wells, J., Griffin, D., Shuck, K., Goldsmith, T., Rapnicki, P. 2012. Results of anti-mortem screening methodology to predict prescribed drug withholding periods for flunixin and ceftiofur in heifers. American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings. September 20-22, 2012. Montreal, Canada. Research Summary No. 225.

Interpretive Summary:

Technical Abstract: Introduction: A simple, cow-side test for the presence of drug residues in live animals would be useful for drug residue avoidance programs. Simple inhibition tests used at slaughter do not detect some drug tolerance concentrations such as those for flunixin and ceftiofur-metabolites. This experiment evaluated an adaptation of a beta-lactam and flunixin lateral flow (LF-modification) test for use with urine and serum samples from treated heifers and determined the ability of the test to predict the labeled slaughter withhold of ceftiofur and flunixin. Materials and Methods: Heifers were treated with Naxcel at 1 mg/lb or Banamine at 50mg/100 lb. Initially 3 heifers were dosed. Urine was collected daily for 5 days. Blood and saliva were collected immediately before and at 1 and 4 days after treatment. For the second dosing, urine and blood samples were collected daily for six days from 12 treated heifers. All samples were tested by liquid chromatography with LF-modification, and by kidney inhibition (KIS) test. Results: The LF-modification limit of detection (LOD) of flunixin was 0.03 ppm and the LOD of ceftiofur was 0.6 ppm. After the first dosing of ceftiofur, all urine and serum samples yielded negative results via KIS and LF-modification. Results for saliva samples were inconsistent, therefore, testing was discontinued. After the second dosing of ceftiofur, seven of 12 urine samples collected one day after treatment yielded positive results via KIS; whereas,10 of 12 urine samples had ceftiofur concentrations >= 0.6 ppm (the LOD) via LF-modification, with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results for the 12 samples ranging from 0.2 to 3.6 ppm ceftiofur. For urine samples collected two days after the second dosing, one of 12 samples yielded positive results via KIS, three of 12 samples had ceftiofur concentrations >= 0.6 ppm via LF-modification, with HPLC reults for the 12 samples ranging from 0.04-0.55 ppm centiofur. For urine samples collected three days after the second dosing, only one of 12 samples yielded positive results via KIS and HPLC results for the samples ranged from 0.2-0.4 ppm. Results for serum samples obtained after the second dosing of ceftiofur were as follows: two of 12, 0 of 11, and 0 of 11 samples were positive via KIS; six of 12, one of 11, and 0 of 11 samples were positive via LF-modification; and the HPLC results for the samples ranged from 0.2-1.2 ppm, 0.1 to 0.3 ppm, and 0.01 to 10.1 ppm at one, two, and three days after treatment, respectively. For HPLC, ceftiofur was converted to its metabolite, desfuroyl ceftiofur acetate (DCA), for quantitation. After the first dosing of flunixin, all serum and urine samples collected yielded negative results via KIS. However, all the urine samples collected one day after the first dosing had LF-modification results > 0.15 ppm (1:5 dilution). The HPLC performed on urine samples revealed an absence of the flunixin parent compound but the presence of the ß-glucuronide-flunixin metabolite. Serum samples collected immediately before and four days after the first dosing yielded negative results via LF-modification. After the second dosing of flunixin, all serum and urine samples collected yielded negative results via KIS. All urine samples collected one day after the second dosing had LF-modification results > 0.75 ppm (1:25 dilution); the HPLC results ranged from 0.29 to 1.94 ppm flunixin, with three samples < 0.75 ppm flunixin. For urine samples collected two days after the second dosing, nine of 12 undiluted samples had LF-modification results > 0.03 ppm and four of 12 samples at the 1:10 dilution were > 0.3 ppm; the HPLC results ranged from 0.03 to 0.24 ppm flunixin. For urine samples collected at three and four days after the second dosing, six of 12 undiluted samples had a flunixin concentration > 0.03 ppm via LF-modification. The HPLC re