Research Project: Understanding and Mitigating the Adverse Effects of Poisonous Plants on Livestock Production Systems

Location: Poisonous Plant Research

Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Case report: Salvia reflexa-contaminated hay poisoning in cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Gardner, D.R., Webb, B.T., Laegreid, W., Welch, K.D., Stegelmeier, B.L., Cook, D. 2024. Case report: Salvia reflexa-contaminated hay poisoning in cattle. The Bovine Practitioner. 58(1):63-68. https://doi.org/10.21423/bovine-vol58no1p63-68.

Consequences of pollen defense compounds for pollinators and antagonists in a pollen-rewarding plant - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rivest, S., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Forrest, J. 2024. Consequences of pollen defense compounds for pollinators and antagonists in a pollen-rewarding plant. Ecology. 105(5). Article e4306. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4306.

Ruminant metabolism of zygacine, the major toxic alkaloid in foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D., Cook, D. 2024. Ruminant metabolism of zygacine, the major toxic alkaloid in foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus). Toxicon. 240: Article 107651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107651.

Identification and distribution of a fungal endosymbiotic Alternaria species (Alternaria section Undifilum sp.) in Astragalus garbancillo tissues - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pistan, M.E., Cook, D., Gutierrez, S.A., Schnittger, L., Gardner, D.R., Cholich, L.A., Gonzalez, A.M. 2024. Identification and distribution of a fungal endosymbiotic Alternaria species (Alternaria section Undifilum sp.) in Astragalus garbancillo tissues. Mycologia. 116(2):291-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2023.2299191.

Cecal dilation in cattle ingesting Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cv. Mombaça and cv. Tanzânia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Schons, S.V., de Melo Souza, T.L., Dantas Filho, J.V., Ferreira, E., da Rosa Prado, E.J., Pfister, J., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F. 2023. Cecal Dilation in cattle ingesting Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) cv. Mombaça and cv. Tanzânia. Toxicon. 238. Article 107586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107586.

Embryotoxic effects of three natural occurring Veratrum alkaloids and one synthetic analog using in vitro produced bovine embryos - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Wang, S., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E. 2023. Embryotoxic effects of three natural occurring Veratrum alkaloids and one synthetic analog using in vitro produced bovine embryos. Poisonous Plant Research. 6(1):3-12. https://doi.org/10.26077/c087-30ee.

Larkspur toxicosis alters basal diet intake by cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D. 2023. Larkspur toxicosis alters basal diet intake by cattle. Applied Animal Science. 39(5):257-263. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2023-02405.

Expedicao ao sitio historico e patrimonio cultural Kalunga: um relato de experiencia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Paim, R. de S.S.,Paula, L.G.F de, Cardoso, W.S., Rocha, T.F.G., Ribeiro, A.L., Soares, D.M., Barros, N., Santos, F.C. dos, Ferreira, H.D., Gomez-Klein, V.L., Soto-Blanco, B., Oliveira-Filho, J.P. de, Cunha, P.H.J., Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Cook, D., Fioravanti, M.C.S., Botelho, A.F.M. 2023. Expedicao ao sitio historico e patrimonio cultural Kalunga: um relato de experiencia. HALAC - Historia Ambiental, Latinoamericana Y Caribena. 13(2):309-320. https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2023v13i2.p309-320.

Silencing of the transmembrane transporter (swnT) gene of the fungus Slafractonia leguminicola results in a reduction of mycotoxin transport - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Das, S., Gardner, D.R., Neyaz, M., Charleston III, A.B., Cook, D., Creamer, R. 2023. Silencing of the transmembrane transporter (swnT) gene of the fungus Slafractonia leguminicola results in a reduction of mycotoxin transport. Fungi. 9(3). Article 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030370.

Potential immunomodulatory response associated with L-mimosine in male Wistar rats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hueza, I.M., Dipe, V.V., Gotardo, A.T., Gardner, D.R., Almeida, E., Gorniak, S.L. 2023. Potential immunomodulatory response associated with L-mimosine in male Wistar rats. Toxicon. 226. Article 107084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107084.

Impact of selenium biofortification on production characteristics of forages grown following standard management practices in Oregon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hall, J.A., Bobe, G., Filley, S.J., Bohle, M.G., Pirelli, G., Wang, G., Davis, T.Z., Banuelos, G.S. 2023. Impact of selenium biofortification on production characteristics of forages grown following standard management practices in Oregon. Frontiers in Plant Science. 14. Article 1121605. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1121605.

Biomarkers and their potential for detecting livestock plant poisonings in western North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Cook, D. 2023. Biomarkers and their potential for detecting livestock plant poisonings in western North America. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 10. Article 1104702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1104702.

Phylogenetic patterns of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungal endosymbionts in morning glories (Ipomoeaee, Convolvulaceae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Quach, Q.N., Clay, K., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D. 2023. Phylogenetic patterns of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungal endosymbionts in morning glories (Ipomoeaee, Convolvulaceae). New Phytologist. 238(4):1351-1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18785.

Toxic plants from the perspective of a "Quilombola" community in the Cerrado region of Brazil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Paim, R.C., de Paula, L., Soares, D.S., Rocha, T.G., Ribeiro, A.L., Barros, N., dos Santos, F.C., Ferreira, H.D., Gomes-Klein, V.L., Soto-Blanco, B., de Oliveira-Filho, J.P., da Cunha, P., Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Cook, D., Fioravanti, M., Botelho, A. 2023. Toxic plants from the perspective of a "Quilombola" community in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Toxicon. 224. Article 107028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107028.

Effects of amount and chemical form of selenium amendments on forage selenium concentrations and species profiles - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hall, J.A., Bobe, G., Filley, S.J., Pirelli, G.J., Bohle, M.G., Wang, G., Davis, T.Z., Banuelos, G.S. 2023. Effects of amount and chemical form of selenium amendments on forage selenium concentrations and species profiles. Biological Trace Element Research. 201:4951-4960. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03541-8.

Diversity of seed endophytes: Causes and implications - (Book / Chapter)
Schardl, C.L., Afkhami, M.E., Gundel, P.E., Iannone, L.J., Young, C.A., Creamer, R., Cook, D., Berry, D. 2022. Diversity of seed endophytes: Causes and implications. In: Scott, B., Mesarich, C., editors. The Mycota: Plant relationships. 3rd Edition, Volume 5. Cham, CH: Springer Cham. p. 83-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_5.

Outbreaks of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria brizantha intoxications in Brazilian experienced cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kono, I.S., Faccin, T.C., de Lemos, G.A., Di Santis, G.W., Bacha, F.B., Guerreiro, Y.A., de Oliveira Gaspar, A., Lee, S.T., de Castro Guizelini, C., Leal, C.B., de Lemos, R.A.A. 2022. Outbreaks of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria brizantha intoxications in Brazilian experienced cattle. Toxicon. 219. Article 106931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106931.

Cestrum axillare (Solanaceae) poisoning in ruminants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ubiali, D.G., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D., Pereira, G.O., Riet-Correa, F. 2022. Cestrum axillare (Solanaceae) poisoning in ruminants. Toxicon. 218:76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.005.

Indole-diterpenes alkaloid profiles of native grasses involved in tremorgenic syndromes in the Argentine Patagonia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zabaleta, G., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Aguilar, M., Iannone, L.J., Robles, C., Martinez, A. 2022. Indole-diterpenes alkaloid profiles of native grasses involved in tremorgenic syndromes in the Argentine Patagonia. Toxicon. 217:107-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.001.

Poisonous plants - (Book / Chapter)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, Z.T. 2023. Poisonous plants. In: Haschek-Hock, W.M., Rousseaux, C.G., Wallig, M.A., Bolon, B., editors. Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology: Environmental toxicologic pathology and selected toxicant classes. 4th Edition, Volume 3. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. p. 489-546.

Identification of two death camas chemotypes within a population and evaluation of toxicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D. 2022. Identification of two death camas chemotypes within a population and evaluation of toxicity. Toxicon. 215:6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.047.

Supranutritional selenium-yeast supplementation of beef cows during the last trimester of pregnancy results in higher whole-blood selenium concentrations in their calves at weaning, but not enough to improve nasal microbial d - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hall, J.A., Isaiah, A., McNett, E.L., Klopfenstein, J.J., Davis, T.Z., Suchodolski, J.S., Bobe, G. 2022. Supranutritional selenium-yeast supplementation of beef cows during the last trimester of pregnancy results in higher whole-blood selenium concentrations in their calves at weaning, but not enough to improve nasal microbial diversity. Animals. 12(11). Article 1360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111360.

Mineral-salt supplementation to ameliorate larkspur poisoning in cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Fritz, S., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A. 2022. Mineral-salt supplementation to ameliorate larkspur poisoning in cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 100(5):01-14. Article skac133. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac133.

Localization of the fungal symbiont (Chaetothyriales) in Ipomoea carnea - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pistan, M.E., Gutierrez, S.A., Schnittger, L., Gardner, D.R., Cholich, L.A., Gonzalez, A.M. 2022. Localization of the fungal symbiont (Chaetothyriales) in Ipomoea carnea. Botany. 100(9):729-736. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2022-0033.

Phylogenetic comparison of swainsonine biosynthetic gene clusters among fungi - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Neyaz, M., Das, S., Cook, D., Creamer, R. 2022. Phylogenetic comparison of swainsonine biosynthetic gene clusters among fungi. The Journal of Fungi. 8(4). Article 359. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040359.

Broom snakeweed extracts dosed to late-term pregnant cattle do not cause premature parturition - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gardner, D.R., Green, B.T., Stegelmeier, B.L., Welch, K.D. 2022. Broom snakeweed extracts dosed to late-term pregnant cattle do not cause premature parturition. Poisonous Plant Research. 5:13-21. https://doi.org/10.26077/15eb-503b.

Aging-associated changes in motor function are ovarian somatic tissue-dependent, but germ cell and estradiol independent in post-reproductive female mice exposed to young ovarian tissue - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Habermehl, T., Underwood, K., Welch, K.D., Gawrys, S., Parkinson, K., Schneider, A., Masternak, M., Mason, J. 2022. Aging-associated changes in motor function are ovarian somatic tissue-dependent, but germ cell and estradiol independent in post-reproductive female mice exposed to young ovarian tissue. GeroScience. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00549-9.

Phylogenetic patterns of swainsonine presence in morning glories - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Quach, Q.N., Gardner, D.R., Clay, K., Cook, D. 2022. Phylogenetic patterns of swainsonine presence in morning glories. Frontiers in Microbiology. 13. Article 871148. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.871148.

Localization of the swainsonine-producing Chaetothyriales symbiont in the seed and shoot apical meristem in its host Ipomoea carnea - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Neyaz, M., Gardner, D.R., Creamer, R., Cook, D. 2022. Localization of the swainsonine-producing Chaetothyriales symbiont in the seed and shoot apical meristem in its host Ipomoea carnea. Microorganisms. 10(3). Article 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030545.

Isolated dilated pupil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ruiz-Barrio, I., Guisado-Alonso, D., Bulnes-Gonzalez, V., Green, B.T. 2022. Isolated dilated pupil. The BMJ. Article 376. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069133.

Intoxication of llamas by Astragalus punae in Argentina - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Marin, R.E., Gardner, D.R., Armien, A.G., Fortunato, R.H., Uzal, F.A. 2022. Intoxication of llamas by Astragalus punae in Argentina. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 34(4):674-678. https://doi.org/10.1177/10406387221094272.

Relative influence of precipitation and grazing on a salt desert shrub plant community - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Thacker, E., Ralphs, M.H. 2022. Relative influence of precipitation and grazing on a salt desert shrub plant community. Western North American Naturalist. 88(2):245-253.

Evaluation of diazepam as a drug treatment for water hemlock (Cicuta species) poisoning in Spanish goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Cook, D. 2022. Evaluation of diazepam as a drug treatment for water hemlock (Cicuta species) poisoning in Spanish goats. Toxicon. 205:79-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.003.

Supranutritional maternal organic selenium supplementation during different trimesters of pregnancy affects the muscle gene transcriptome of newborn beef calves in a time-dependent manner - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Diniz, W.J., Gerd, B., Klopfenstein, J.J., Gultekin, Y., Davis, T.Z., Ward, A.K., Hall, J.A. 2021. Supranutritional maternal organic selenium supplementation during different trimesters of pregnancy affects the muscle gene transcriptome of newborn beef calves in a time-dependent manner. Genes. 12(12). Article 1884. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121884.

Toxic plants - (Book / Chapter)
Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Gardner, D.R., Stonecipher, C.A., Cook, D. 2022. Toxic plants. In: Gupta, R.C., editor. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology. Third Edition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. p. 933-953. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-89773-0.00046-1.

Rapid quantitative analysis of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by flow injection - electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Cook, D. 2021. Rapid quantitative analysis of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by flow injection - electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry. Poisonous Plant Research. 4:10-19. https://doi.org/10.26077/jy40-h384.

Plant and Animal Toxins. In: Hayes, A.W., Kobets, T. editors. Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology. 7th edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press - (Book / Chapter)
Welch, K.D., King, G., White, J., Pearson, L., Neilan, B., Cook, D. 2023. Plant and Animal Toxins. In: Hayes, A.W., Kobets, T. editors. Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology. 7th edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 755-830. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003104391.

Grazing rotation on restored rangeland as a new tool for medusahead control - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spackman, C., Stonecipher, C.A., Panter, K.E., Villalba, J.J. 2021. Grazing rotation on restored rangeland as a new tool for medusahead control. Western North American Naturalist. 81(3):438-442. https://doi.org/10.3398/064.081.0312.

Genetic relationships in the toxin-producing fungal endophyte, Alternaria oxytropis using polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Creamer, R., Hille, D.B., Neyaz, M., Nusayr, T., Schardl, C.L., Cook, D. 2021. Genetic relationships in the toxin-producing fungal endophyte, Alternaria oxytropis using polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes. The Journal of Fungi. 7(7). Article 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7070538.

Endemic Xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle in flooded areas of the Araguari River, Minas Gerais, Brazil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Machado, M., Queiroz, C.R.R., Wilson, T.M., Sousa, D.E.R., Castro, M.B., Saravia, A., Lee, S.T., Armien, A.G., Barros, S.S., Riet-Correa, F. 2021. Endemic Xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle in flooded areas of the Araguari River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Toxicon. 200:23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.019.

Protodioscin levels in Brachiaria spp. in a sheep production system and a brief review of the literature of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gaspar, A.O., Guizelini, C.C., Roberto, F.C., Difante, G.S., Brumatti, R.C., Itavo, C.C., Lemos, R.A., Lee, S.T. 2021. Protodioscin levels in Brachiaria spp. in a sheep production system and a brief review of the literature of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 41. Article e06921. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6921.

Ectopic growth of the Chaetothyriales fungal symbiont on Ipomoea carnea - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Noor, A.I., Nava, A., Neyaz, M., Cooke, P., Creamer, R., Cook, D. 2021. Ectopic growth of the Chaetothyriales fungal symbiont on Ipomoea carnea. Botany. 99(10):619-627. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2021-0037.

Toxicity of the swainsonine-containing plant Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa for goats and sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Oliveira, C.A., Riet-Correa, G., Lima, E., Medeiros, R., Miraballes, C., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F. 2021. Toxicity of the swainsonine-containing plant Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa for goats and sheep. Toxicon. 197:40-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.013.

The use of a herbicide as a tool to increase livestock consumption of medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Spackman, C., Panter, K.E., Villalba, J.J. 2021. The use of a herbicide as a tool to increase livestock consumption of medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae). Invasive Plant Science and Management. 14(2):106-114. https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2021.12.

The use of herbarium voucher specimens to investigate phytochemical composition in poisonous plant research - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Molyneux, R.J., Johnson, R.L., Taylor, C.M. 2021. The use of herbarium voucher specimens to investigate phytochemical composition in poisonous plant research. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 69(14):4037-4047. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00708.

A suite of rare microbes interacts with a dominant, heritable, fungal endophyte to influence plant trait expression - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Harrison, J.G., Beltran, L.P., Buerkle, C.A., Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Parchman, T.L., Poulson, S.R., Forister, M.L. 2021. A suite of rare microbes interacts with a dominant, heritable, fungal endophyte to influence plant trait expression . The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology. 15:2763-2778. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00964-4.

Hepatotoxicity in cattle associated with Salvia reflexa diterpenes, including 7-hydroxyrhyacophiline, a new seco-clerodane diterpene - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L., Stonecipher, C.A. 2021. Hepatotoxicity in cattle associated with Salvia reflexa diterpenes, including 7-hydroxyrhyacophiline, a new seco-clerodane diterpene. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 69(4):1251-1258. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06390.

Locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis) poisoning in horses. In: Hovda, L.R., Benson, D., Poppenga, R.H., editors. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology - (Book / Chapter)
Stegelmeier, B.L. 2022. Locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis) poisoning in horses. In: Hovda, L.R., Benson, D., Poppenga, R.H., editors. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology. 1st Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 315-321.

Hemlock (poison hemlock - Conium maculatum; water hemlock - Cicuta spp.) In: Hovda, L.R., Benson, D., Poppenga, R.H., editors. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology - (Book / Chapter)
Stegelmeier, B.L. 2022. Hemlock (poison hemlock - Conium maculatum; water hemlock - Cicuta spp.) In: Hovda, L.R., Benson, D., Poppenga, R.H., editors. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology. 1st Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 287-293.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In: Hovda, L.R., Benson, D., Poppenga, R.H., editors. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology - (Book / Chapter)
Stegelmeier, B.L. 2022. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. In: Hovda, L.R., Benson, D., Poppenga, R.H., editors. Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology. 1st Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 336-343.

Characterization and cytotoxic activity on glial cells of alkaloid-enriched extracts from pods of the plants Prosopis flexuosa and Prosopis nigra (Fabaceae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cholich, L.A., Pistan, M.E., Torres, A.M., Ortega, H.H., Gardner, D.R., Bustillo, S. 2020. Characterization and cytotoxic activity on glial cells of alkaloid-enriched extracts from pods of the plants Prosopis flexuosa and Prosopis nigra (Fabaceae). Revista De Biologa Tropical. 69(1): 197-206. https://doi:10.15517/RBT.V69I1.43515.

Clinical, pathological and toxicological characterization of Salvia relexa (lance-leaf sage) poisoning in cattle fed contaminated hay - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L., Gardner, D.R., Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Kitchen, D., Brackett, A., Davis, C. 2021. Clinical, pathological and toxicological characterization of Salvia relexa (lance-leaf sage) poisoning in cattle fed contaminated hay. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 33(3):537-547. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638721995784.

Bracken fern poisoning in animals - (Book / Chapter)
Stegelmeier, B.L. 2020. Bracken fern poisoning in animals. Merck Veterinary Manual. 1:1-6.

Cytotoxic activity induced by the alkaloid extract from Ipomoea carnea on primary murine mixed glial cultures - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cholich, L.A., Pistan, M.E., Torres, A.M., Ortega, H.H., Gardner, D.R., Bustillo, S. 2020. Cytotoxic activity induced by the alkaloid extract from Ipomoea carnea on primary murine mixed glial cultures. Toxicon. 188:134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.019.

Herbicidal control of deathcamas (Zigadenus paniculatus) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Ransom, C., Thacker, E., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Palmer, M. 2020. Herbicidal control of deathcamas (Zigadenus paniculatus). Weed Technology. 35(3):380-384. https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.102 .

Identifying plant poisoning in livestock in North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Clayton, M.J., Gardner, D.R. 2020. Identifying plant poisoning in livestock in North America. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 36:661-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.001.

Hepatotoxic plants that poison livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Clayton, M.J., Davis, T.Z., Knoppel, E.L., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2020. Hepatotoxic plants that poison livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 36:715-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.003.

Neurotoxic plants that poison livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Clayton, M.J. 2020. Neurotoxic plants that poison livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 36:673-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.002.

Plant-induced reproductive disease, abortion and teratology in livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Clayton, M.J. 2020. Plant-induced reproductive disease, abortion and teratology in livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 36:735-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.004.

Plants containing urinary tract, gastrointestinal, or miscellaneous toxins that affect livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Clayton, M.J. 2020. Plants containing urinary tract, gastrointestinal, or miscellaneous toxins that affect livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 36:701-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.006.

Plant induced myotoxicity in livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L., Clayton, M.J. 2020. Plant induced myotoxicity in livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 36:689-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.005.

Plant induced photosensitvity and dermatitis in livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Clayton, M.J. 2020. Plant induced photosensitvity and dermatitis in livestock. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 36:725-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.008.

Fatal stagger poisoning by consumption of Festuca argentina (speg.) Parodi in goats from Argentine Patagonia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Martinez, A., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Sola, D., Bain, L., Borrelli, L., Acin, C., Gardner, D.R., Robles, C. 2020. Fatal stagger poisoning by consumption of Festuca argentina (speg.) Parodi in goats from Argentine Patagonia. Toxicon. 185:191-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.004.

Diterpenoids from Gutierrezia sarothrae and G. microcephala: chemical diversity, chemophenetics and implications to toxicity in grazing livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gardner, D.R., Cook, D., Larsen, S.W., Stonecipher, C.A., Johnson, R. 2020. Diterpenoids from Gutierrezia sarothrae and G. microcephala: chemical diversity, chemophenetics and implications to toxicity in grazing livestock. Phytochemistry. 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112465.

Herbicide control of broom snakeweed (Gutierrizia sarothrae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Ransom, C., Thacker, E., Welch, K.D. 2020. Herbicide control of broom snakeweed (Gutierrizia sarothrae). Poisonous Plant Research. 3:74-81. https://doi.org/10.26077/ze5v-af64.

Spontaneous abortion in cattle after consumption of Hesperocyparis (Cupressus) macrocarpa (Hartw.) Bartel and Cupressus arizonica (Greene) needles in Uruguay - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Buroni, F., Gardner, D.R., Boabaid, F.M., Oliveira, L.G., De Nava, G., Lopez, F., Riet-Correa, F. 2020. Spontaneous abortion in cattle after consumption of Hesperocyparis (Cupressus) macrocarpa (Hartw.) Bartel and Cupressus arizonica (Greene) needles in Uruguay. Toxicon. 181:53-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.104.

Seasonal variation in toxic steroidal alkaloids of foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Cook, D., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A. 2020. Seasonal variation in toxic steroidal alkaloids of foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2020.104044.

Livestock preference for endophyte-infected or endophyte-free Oxytropis sericea, Ipomoea carnea, and Ipomoea asarifolia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Riet-Correa, F. 2020. Livestock preference for endophyte-infected or endophyte-free Oxytropis sericea, Ipomoea carnea, and Ipomoea asarifolia. Poisonous Plant Research. 3:58-73. https://doi.org/10.26077/8h4g-v983.

An evaluation of the susceptibility of goats to larkspur toxicosis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Stonecipher, C.A., Gardner, D.R., Green, B.T., Cook, D. 2020. An evaluation of the susceptibility of goats to larkspur toxicosis. Poisonous Plant Research. 3:19-27. https://doi.org/10.26077/y7pp-q806.

Molecular differentiation of Astragalus species and varieties from the Western United States: the chloroplast DNA bridge between evolution and molecular systematics - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Neyaz, M., Cook, D., Creamer, R. 2020. Molecular differentiation of Astragalus species and varieties from the Western United States: the chloroplast DNA bridge between evolution and molecular systematics. Poisonous Plant Research. 3:1-18. https://doi.org/10.26077/6vtc-b962.

Intoxication by Astragalus garbancillo var. garbancillo in llamas - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Marin, R.E., Micheloud, J.F., Vignale, N.D., Gimeno, E.J., O'Toole, D., Gardner, D.R., Woods, L., Uzal, F.A. 2020. Intoxication by Astragalus garbancillo var. garbancillo in llamas. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 32(3):467-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720914338.

The acute toxicity of water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) in a goat model - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Cook, D. 2020. The acute toxicity of water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) in a goat model. Toxicon. 176:55-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.010.

Geographical and seasonal variation in water hemlock (Cicuta maculata) toxins - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A. 2020. Geographical and seasonal variation in water hemlock (Cicuta maculata) toxins. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2020.104012.

Dynamics of larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) pellet consumption and tolerance of the inhibitory effects of larkspur alkaloids on muscle function in cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R., Welch, K.D., Cook, D. 2020. Dynamics of larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) pellet consumption and tolerance of the inhibitory effects of larkspur alkaloids on muscle function in cattle. Poisonous Plant Research. 3:28-41. https://doi.org/10.26077/zsrd-d783.

Larkspur poisoning of cattle: plant and animal factors that influence plant toxicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Gardner, D.R., Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2020. Larkspur poisoning of cattle: plant and animal factors that influence plant toxicity. Rangelands. 42(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2020.01.004.

Analysis of rumen contents and ocular fluid for toxic alkaloids from goats and cows dosed larkspur (Delphinium berbeyi), lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus), and death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Stonecipher, C.A., Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A. 2020. Analysis of rumen contents and ocular fluid for toxic alkaloids from goats and cows dosed larkspur (Delphinium berbeyi), lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus), and death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus). Toxicon. 176: 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.003.

The comparative toxicity of Isocoma species in calves - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Green, B.T., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T. 2020. The comparative toxicity of Isocoma species in calves. Toxicon: X. 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100022.

Microsomal activation, and SH-SY5Y cell toxicity studies of tremetone and 6-hydroxytremetone isolated from rayless goldenrod Isocoma pluriflora and white snakeroot Agertina altissima, respectively - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Welch, K.D. 2019. Microsomal activation, and SH-SY5Y cell toxicity studies of tremetone and 6-hydroxytremetone isolated from rayless goldenrod Isocoma pluriflora and white snakeroot Agertina altissima, respectively. Toxicon: X. 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100018.

Investigation of the possible pharmacologically active forms of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist anabaseine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Andrud, K., Xing, H., Bjarne, G., Bloom, L., Mahnir, V., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Lindstrom, J., Kem, W. 2019. Investigation of the possible pharmacologically active forms of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist anabaseine. Marine Drugs. 17:614. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110614.

North American hard yellow liver disease: an old problem readdressed - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Jones, M., Womack, C.P., Davis, T.Z., Gardner, D.R. 2019. North American hard yellow liver disease: an old problem readdressed. Poisonous Plant Research. 2:1-13. https://doi.org/10.26077/6ksg-1685.

Detection of swainsonine-producing endophytes in Patagonian Astragalus species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Martinez, A., Robles, C., Roper, J.M., Gardner, D.R., Neyaz, M., Joelson, N., Cook, D. 2019. Detection of swainsonine-producing endophytes in Patagonian Astragalus species. Toxicon. 117:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.020.

Clinical and pathological comparison of Astragalus lentiginosus and Ipomoea carnea poisoning in goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carvalho Nunes, L., Stegelmeier, B.L., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R., Riet-Correa, F., Welch, K.D. 2019. Clinical and pathological comparison of Astragalus lentiginosus and Ipomoea carnea poisoning in goats. Toxicon. 171:20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.016.

Editorial - Plant toxins - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D. 2019. Editorial - Plant toxins. Toxicon. 168:140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.07.009.

Herbaspirillum seropedicae as a degrading bacterium of monofluoracetate: effects of its inoculation in goats by ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis and the concentrations of this compound in plants sprayed with the bacterium - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pessoa, D.A., Lopes, J.R., Souza, E.M., Campos, E.M., Medeiros, R.M., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Riet-Correa, F. 2019. Herbaspirillum seropedicae as a degrading bacterium of monofluoracetate: effects of its inoculation in goats by ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis and the concentrations of this compound in plants sprayed with the bacterium. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 39(10):802-806. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6305.

Infection rates and alkaloid patterns of different grass species with systemic Epicloë endophytes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Vikuk, V., Young, C.A., Lee, S.T., Nagabhyru, P., Krischke, M., Mueller, M.J., Krauss, J. 2019. Infection rates and alkaloid patterns of different grass species with systemic Epicloë endophytes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 85(17). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00465-19.

Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen-rewarding lupines - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Heiling, J.M., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Irwin, R.E. 2019. Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen-rewarding lupines. American Journal of Botany. 106(5):643–655. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1283.

Spontaneous poisoning by Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae) in a sheep herd in southeastern Brazil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Koether, K., Lee, S.T., Belluci, R.S., Garcia, R., Pfister, J.A., Cunha, P.J., Rocha, N.S., Borges, A.S., Oliveira-Filho, J.P. 2019. Spontaneous poisoning by Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae) in a sheep herd in southeastern Brazil. Toxicon. 161:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.015.

Finding the bad actor: Challenges in identifying toxic constituents in botanical dietary supplements - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Roberts, G.K., Gardner, D.R., Foster, P.M., Howard, P.C., Lui, E., Walker, L., Van Breemen, R.B., Auerbach, S.S., Rider, C. 2019. Finding the bad actor: Challenges in identifying toxic constituents in botanical dietary supplements. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 124:431–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.026.

An evaluation of hair, oral fluid, earwax, and nasal mucus as noninvasive specimens to determine livestock exposure to teratogenic lupine species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Carriao Dos Santos, F., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Green, B.T., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E. 2019. An evaluation of hair, oral fluid, earwax, and nasal mucus as noninvasive specimens to determine livestock exposure to teratogenic lupine species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67(1):43–49. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05673.

Toxicity of the different vegetative stages of Amorimia pubiflora to sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lima, S.C., Godoy, K.C., Leal, P.V., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Souza, A.I., De Barros, C.S., Lemos, R.A. 2018. Toxicity of the different vegetative stages of Amorimia pubiflora to sheep. Toxicon. 158:47-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.306.

Neurological syndrome in goats associated with Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea carnea containing calystegines - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Salinas, L.M., Balseiro, A., Jiron, W., Peralta, A., Munoz, D., Fajardo, J., Gayo, E., Martinez, I.Z., Riet-Correa, F., Gardner, D.R., Marin, J.F. 2019. Neurological syndrome in goats associated with Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea carnea containing calystegines. Toxicon. 157:8-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.291.

Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) toxicosis in three juvenile goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sillman, S.J., Lee, S.T., Claborn, J., Boruch, J., Harris, S.P. 2018. Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) toxicosis in three juvenile goats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 31(1):90-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638718820083.

Neonatal mortality associated with sodium monofluoracetate in kids fed with colostrum from goats ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lopes, J.R., Araujo, J.A., Pessoa, D.A., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F., Medeiros, R.M. 2019. Neonatal mortality associated with sodium monofluoracetate in kids fed with colostrum from goats ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 39(3):163-167. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5949.

Potencial toxigenico de Astragalus pehuenches Niederl en Argentina - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Martinez, A., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D., Gimeno, E.J., Robles, C.A. 2019. Potencial toxigenico de Astragalus pehuenches Niederl en Argentina. Revista de Ivestigaciones Agropecuaria. 44(3):378-383.