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Stephen T Lee
Research Chemist


Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
The evaluation of earwax as a noninvasive specimen to determine livestock exposure to death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
The use of earwax to determine livestock exposure to teratogenic lupine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Valles, K.R., Cook, D. 2024. The use of earwax to determine livestock exposure to teratogenic lupine. Toxicon. 248: Article 108053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108053.
Comparison of the acute toxicity of zygacine versus zygadenine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Cook, D. 2024. Comparison of the acute toxicity of zygacine versus zygadenine. Toxicon. 248: Article 108037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108037.
Comparison of sheep and goats to the acute toxic effects of foothill death camas - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Gardner, D., Cook, D. 2024. Comparison of sheep and goats to the acute toxic effects of foothill death camas. Poisonous Plant Research. 7:17-26. https://doi.org/10.26077/c444-bc12.
Toxicosis from range lupine ingestion in a research herd of Rafter 7 Merino sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Weigler, B.J., Mandeville, W.F., Huber, S., Mccuin, G., Cartagena, F., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Pritsos, C.A. 2024. Toxicosis from range lupine ingestion in a research herd of Rafter 7 Merino sheep. Poisonous Plant Research. 7:10-14. https://doi.org/10.26077/1a49-f0ef.
Japanese Yew (Taxus) poisoning of wild ungulates in Utah during the winter of 2022-2023 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Kelly, J., Stout, V., Lamb, S., Baldwin, T.J., Cook, D. 2024. Japanese Yew (Taxus) poisoning of wild ungulates in Utah during the winter of 2022-2023. Toxicon. 246: Article 107779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107779.
Lupine-induced crooked calf syndrome: Mitigation through intermittent grazing management of cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L., Stonecipher, C.A., Cook, D. 2024. Lupine-induced crooked calf syndrome: Mitigation through intermittent grazing management of cattle. Translational Animal Science. 8. Article txae079. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txae079.
Acute death as a result of poisoning tropical (Bos taurus indicus) but not temperate (Bos taurus taurus) cattle after oral dosing with Lupinus leucophyllus (velvet lupine) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Stonecipher, C.A., Stegelmeier, B.L., Cook, D. 2024. Acute death as a result of poisoning tropical (Bos taurus indicus) but not temperate (Bos taurus taurus) cattle after oral dosing with Lupinus leucophyllus (velvet lupine). Toxicon. 242. Article 107706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107706.
Consequences of pollen defense compounds for pollinators and antagonists in a pollen-rewarding plant - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Rivest, S., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Forrest, J. 2024. Consequences of pollen defense compounds for pollinators and antagonists in a pollen-rewarding plant. Ecology. 105(5). Article e4306. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4306.
Ruminant metabolism of zygacine, the major toxic alkaloid in foothill death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Embryotoxic effects of three natural occurring Veratrum alkaloids and one synthetic analog using in vitro produced bovine embryos - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Wang, S., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E. 2023. Embryotoxic effects of three natural occurring Veratrum alkaloids and one synthetic analog using in vitro produced bovine embryos. Poisonous Plant Research. 6(1):3-12. https://doi.org/10.26077/c087-30ee.
Data from steroidal saponin concentrations in switchgrass cultivars liberty and independence in North America - ()
Clemensen, A.K., Lee, S.T., Mitchell, R., Schmer, M.R., Masterson, S.D. 2023. Data from steroidal saponin concentrations in switchgrass cultivars liberty and independence in North America. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1529751.
Biomarkers and their potential for detecting livestock plant poisonings in western North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Cook, D. 2023. Biomarkers and their potential for detecting livestock plant poisonings in western North America. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 10. Article 1104702. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1104702.
Phylogenetic patterns of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungal endosymbionts in morning glories (Ipomoeaee, Convolvulaceae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Quach, Q.N., Clay, K., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D. 2023. Phylogenetic patterns of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungal endosymbionts in morning glories (Ipomoeaee, Convolvulaceae). New Phytologist. 238(4):1351-1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18785.
Steroidal saponin concentrations in switchgrass cultivars liberty and independence in North America - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Clemensen, A.K., Lee, S.T., Mitchell, R., Schmer, M.R., Masterson, S.D. 2022. Steroidal saponin concentrations in switchgrass cultivars liberty and independence in North America. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20204.
Outbreaks of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria brizantha intoxications in Brazilian experienced cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kono, I.S., Faccin, T.C., de Lemos, G.A., Di Santis, G.W., Bacha, F.B., Guerreiro, Y.A., de Oliveira Gaspar, A., Lee, S.T., de Castro Guizelini, C., Leal, C.B., de Lemos, R.A.A. 2022. Outbreaks of Brachiaria ruziziensis and Brachiaria brizantha intoxications in Brazilian experienced cattle. Toxicon. 219. Article 106931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106931.
Cestrum axillare (Solanaceae) poisoning in ruminants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ubiali, D.G., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D., Pereira, G.O., Riet-Correa, F. 2022. Cestrum axillare (Solanaceae) poisoning in ruminants. Toxicon. 218:76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.005.
Indole-diterpenes alkaloid profiles of native grasses involved in tremorgenic syndromes in the Argentine Patagonia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Zabaleta, G., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Aguilar, M., Iannone, L.J., Robles, C., Martinez, A. 2022. Indole-diterpenes alkaloid profiles of native grasses involved in tremorgenic syndromes in the Argentine Patagonia. Toxicon. 217:107-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.001.
Identification of two death camas chemotypes within a population and evaluation of toxicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D. 2022. Identification of two death camas chemotypes within a population and evaluation of toxicity. Toxicon. 215:6-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.047.
How do tanniferous forages influence soil processes in forage cropping systems? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Clemensen, A.K., Villalba, J.J., Lee, S.T., Provenza, F.D., Duke, S.E., Reeve, J. 2022. How do tanniferous forages influence soil processes in forage cropping systems? Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. 8. Article e20166. https://doi.org/10.1002/cft2.20166.
Evaluation of diazepam as a drug treatment for water hemlock (Cicuta species) poisoning in Spanish goats Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Cook, D. 2022. Evaluation of diazepam as a drug treatment for water hemlock (Cicuta species) poisoning in Spanish goats. Toxicon. 205:79-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.12.003.
Do plant secondary metabolite-containing forages influence soil processes in agroecosystems? - (Abstract Only)
Clemensen, A.K., Villalba, J.J., Lee, S.T., Provenza, F.D. 2021. Do plant secondary metabolite-containing forages influence soil processes in agroecosystems?. Meeting Abstract. 1.
Rapid quantitative analysis of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by flow injection - electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Cook, D. 2021. Rapid quantitative analysis of toxic norditerpenoid alkaloids in larkspur (Delphinium spp.) by flow injection - electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry. Poisonous Plant Research. 4:10-19. https://doi.org/10.26077/jy40-h384.
Endemic Xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle in flooded areas of the Araguari River, Minas Gerais, Brazil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Machado, M., Queiroz, C.R.R., Wilson, T.M., Sousa, D.E.R., Castro, M.B., Saravia, A., Lee, S.T., Armien, A.G., Barros, S.S., Riet-Correa, F. 2021. Endemic Xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle in flooded areas of the Araguari River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Toxicon. 200:23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.019.
Protodioscin levels in Brachiaria spp. in a sheep production system and a brief review of the literature of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gaspar, A.O., Guizelini, C.C., Roberto, F.C., Difante, G.S., Brumatti, R.C., Itavo, C.C., Lemos, R.A., Lee, S.T. 2021. Protodioscin levels in Brachiaria spp. in a sheep production system and a brief review of the literature of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 41. Article e06921. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6921.
The use of herbarium voucher specimens to investigate phytochemical composition in poisonous plant research - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Molyneux, R.J., Johnson, R.L., Taylor, C.M. 2021. The use of herbarium voucher specimens to investigate phytochemical composition in poisonous plant research. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 69(14):4037-4047. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00708.
Clinical, pathological and toxicological characterization of Salvia relexa (lance-leaf sage) poisoning in cattle fed contaminated hay - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L., Gardner, D.R., Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Kitchen, D., Brackett, A., Davis, C. 2021. Clinical, pathological and toxicological characterization of Salvia relexa (lance-leaf sage) poisoning in cattle fed contaminated hay. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 33(3):537-547. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638721995784.
Do plant secondary metabolite-containing forages influence soil processes in pasture systems? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Clemensen, A.K., Villalba, J.J., Rottinghaus, G.E., Lee, S.T., Provenza, F.D., Reeve, J.R. 2020. Do plant secondary metabolite-containing forages influence soil processes in pasture systems?. Agronomy Journal. 112(5):3744-3757. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20361.
Fatal stagger poisoning by consumption of Festuca argentina (speg.) Parodi in goats from Argentine Patagonia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Martinez, A., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Sola, D., Bain, L., Borrelli, L., Acin, C., Gardner, D.R., Robles, C. 2020. Fatal stagger poisoning by consumption of Festuca argentina (speg.) Parodi in goats from Argentine Patagonia. Toxicon. 185:191-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.004.
Livestock preference for endophyte-infected or endophyte-free Oxytropis sericea, Ipomoea carnea, and Ipomoea asarifolia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Riet-Correa, F. 2020. Livestock preference for endophyte-infected or endophyte-free Oxytropis sericea, Ipomoea carnea, and Ipomoea asarifolia. Poisonous Plant Research. 3:58-73. https://doi.org/10.26077/8h4g-v983.
The acute toxicity of water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) in a goat model - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Cook, D. 2020. The acute toxicity of water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) in a goat model. Toxicon. 176:55-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.010.
Geographical and seasonal variation in water hemlock (Cicuta maculata) toxins Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A. 2020. Geographical and seasonal variation in water hemlock (Cicuta maculata) toxins. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2020.104012.
Larkspur poisoning of cattle: plant and animal factors that influence plant toxicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Gardner, D.R., Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2020. Larkspur poisoning of cattle: plant and animal factors that influence plant toxicity. Rangelands. 42(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2020.01.004.
Analysis of rumen contents and ocular fluid for toxic alkaloids from goats and cows dosed larkspur (Delphinium berbeyi), lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus), and death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Stonecipher, C.A., Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A. 2020. Analysis of rumen contents and ocular fluid for toxic alkaloids from goats and cows dosed larkspur (Delphinium berbeyi), lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus), and death camas (Zigadenus paniculatus). Toxicon. 176: 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.01.003.
The comparative toxicity of Isocoma species in calves - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Green, B.T., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T. 2020. The comparative toxicity of Isocoma species in calves. Toxicon: X. 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100022.
Microsomal activation, and SH-SY5Y cell toxicity studies of tremetone and 6-hydroxytremetone isolated from rayless goldenrod Isocoma pluriflora and white snakeroot Agertina altissima, respectively - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Welch, K.D. 2019. Microsomal activation, and SH-SY5Y cell toxicity studies of tremetone and 6-hydroxytremetone isolated from rayless goldenrod Isocoma pluriflora and white snakeroot Agertina altissima, respectively. Toxicon: X. 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100018.
Investigation of the possible pharmacologically active forms of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist anabaseine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Andrud, K., Xing, H., Bjarne, G., Bloom, L., Mahnir, V., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Lindstrom, J., Kem, W. 2019. Investigation of the possible pharmacologically active forms of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist anabaseine. Marine Drugs. 17:614. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110614.
Biodiversity of Convolvulaceous species that contain ergot alkaloids, indole diterpene alkaloids, and swainsonine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Panaccione, D.G., Leadmon, C.E., Clay, K., Gardner, D.R. 2019. Biodiversity of Convolvulaceous species that contain ergot alkaloids, indole diterpene alkaloids, and swainsonine. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2019.103921.
Herbaspirillum seropedicae as a degrading bacterium of monofluoracetate: effects of its inoculation in goats by ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis and the concentrations of this compound in plants sprayed with the bacterium - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pessoa, D.A., Lopes, J.R., Souza, E.M., Campos, E.M., Medeiros, R.M., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Riet-Correa, F. 2019. Herbaspirillum seropedicae as a degrading bacterium of monofluoracetate: effects of its inoculation in goats by ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis and the concentrations of this compound in plants sprayed with the bacterium. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 39(10):802-806. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6305.
Infection rates and alkaloid patterns of different grass species with systemic Epicloë endophytes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Vikuk, V., Young, C.A., Lee, S.T., Nagabhyru, P., Krischke, M., Mueller, M.J., Krauss, J. 2019. Infection rates and alkaloid patterns of different grass species with systemic Epicloë endophytes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 85(17). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00465-19.
Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen-rewarding lupines - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Heiling, J.M., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Irwin, R.E. 2019. Pollen and vegetative secondary chemistry of three pollen-rewarding lupines. American Journal of Botany. 106(5):643–655. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1283.
Evaluation of noninvasive specimens to diagnose livestock exposure to toxic larkspur (Delphinium spp.) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Cook, D., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R. 2019. Evaluation of noninvasive specimens to diagnose livestock exposure to toxic larkspur (Delphinium spp.). Toxicon. 161:33-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.013.
Spontaneous poisoning by Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae) in a sheep herd in southeastern Brazil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Koether, K., Lee, S.T., Belluci, R.S., Garcia, R., Pfister, J.A., Cunha, P.J., Rocha, N.S., Borges, A.S., Oliveira-Filho, J.P. 2019. Spontaneous poisoning by Palicourea marcgravii (Rubiaceae) in a sheep herd in southeastern Brazil. Toxicon. 161:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.015.
Bioactive alkaloids from plants poisonous to livestock in North America - ()
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Welch, K.D., Cook, D. 2019. Bioactive alkaloids from plants poisonous to livestock in North America. Israel Journal of Chemistry. 59(5):351-359. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201800169.
Sex-dependent differences for larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) toxicosis in yearling Angus cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Keele, J.W., Gardner, D.R., Welch, K.D., Bennett, G.L., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Davis, T.Z., Stonecipher, C.A., Lee, S.T., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2019. Sex-dependent differences for larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) toxicosis in yearling Angus cattle. Journal of Animal Science. 97(3):1424-1432. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz002.
An evaluation of hair, oral fluid, earwax, and nasal mucus as noninvasive specimens to determine livestock exposure to teratogenic lupine species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Carriao Dos Santos, F., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Green, B.T., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E. 2019. An evaluation of hair, oral fluid, earwax, and nasal mucus as noninvasive specimens to determine livestock exposure to teratogenic lupine species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 67(1):43–49. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05673.
Toxicity of the different vegetative stages of Amorimia pubiflora to sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lima, S.C., Godoy, K.C., Leal, P.V., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Souza, A.I., De Barros, C.S., Lemos, R.A. 2018. Toxicity of the different vegetative stages of Amorimia pubiflora to sheep. Toxicon. 158:47-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.306.
Assessment of endophyte-derived tremorgenic compounds in Ipomoea asarifolia using mouse models - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Carriao Dos Santos, F., Lee, S.T. 2018. Assessment of endophyte-derived tremorgenic compounds in Ipomoea asarifolia using mouse models. Toxicon. 156:52-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.008.
Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) toxicosis in three juvenile goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Sillman, S.J., Lee, S.T., Claborn, J., Boruch, J., Harris, S.P. 2018. Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) toxicosis in three juvenile goats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 31(1):90-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638718820083.
Neonatal mortality associated with sodium monofluoracetate in kids fed with colostrum from goats ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lopes, J.R., Araujo, J.A., Pessoa, D.A., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F., Medeiros, R.M. 2019. Neonatal mortality associated with sodium monofluoracetate in kids fed with colostrum from goats ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 39(3):163-167. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5949.
Tremorgenic indole diterpenes from Ipomoea asarifolia and Ipomoea muelleri and the identification of 6,7-dehydro-11-hydroxy-12,13-epoxyterpendole A - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gardner, D.R., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F. 2018. Tremorgenic indole diterpenes from Ipomoea asarifolia and Ipomoea muelleri and the identification of 6,7-dehydro-11-hydroxy-12,13-epoxyterpendole A. Journal of Natural Products. 81(7):1682-1686. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00257.
Neurobehavioral evaluation of mice dosed with water hemlock green seeds and tubers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Goulart, C., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Goulart, D., Damasceno, A.D., Lee, S.T. 2018. Neurobehavioral evaluation of mice dosed with water hemlock green seeds and tubers. Poisonous Plant Research. 1(1):1-19. https://doi.org/10.26077/sk8v-xz71.
Effects of grinding and long-term storage on the toxicity of white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) in goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Chitko-McKown, C.G. 2018. Effects of grinding and long-term storage on the toxicity of white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) in goats. Research in Veterinary Science. 118:419-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.006.
Transmammary transfer of toxicity to nursing kids from Isocoma pluriflora (rayless goldenrod) dosed to lactating goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pfister, J.A., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Green, B.T. 2018. Transmammary transfer of toxicity to nursing kids from Isocoma pluriflora (rayless goldenrod) dosed to lactating goats. Toxicon. 146:61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.006.
Chemical analysis of plants that poison livestock: Successes, challenges, and opportunities - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A. 2018. Chemical analysis of plants that poison livestock: Successes, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 66(13):3308-3314. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00337.
Concentration-dependent actions of piperidine alkaloids on the inhibition of fetal movement in day 40 pregnant goats and comparison to cell-based models - (Abstract Only)
Complete inhibition of fetal movement in the day 40 pregnant goat model by the piperidine alkaloid anabasine but not related alkaloids - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Keele, J.W., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Kem, W.R. 2018. Complete inhibition of fetal movement in the day 40 pregnant goat model by the piperidine alkaloid anabasine but not related alkaloids. Toxicon. 144:61-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.007.
Genetic relationships among different chemotypes of Lupinus sulphureus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Mott, I.W., Larson, S.R., Lee, S.T., Johnson, R., Stonecipher, C.A. 2018. Genetic relationships among different chemotypes of Lupinus sulphureus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 66(8):1773-1783. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05884.
Plant secondary metabolites in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, reed canarygrass, and tall fescue unaffected by two different nitrogen sources - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Clemensen, A.K., Provenza, F.D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Rottinghaus, G.E., Villalba, J.J. 2017. Plant secondary metabolites in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, reed canarygrass, and tall fescue unaffected by two different nitrogen sources. Crop Science. 57(2):964–970. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.08.0680.
Experimental poisoning by Vernonia rubricaulis in sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Godoy, K.C.S., Leal, P.V., Araújo, M.A., Souza, A.I., Pott, A., Lee, S.T., Barros, C.S.L., de Lemos, R.A.A. 2017. Experimental poisoning by Vernonia rubricaulis in sheep. Toxicon. 141:9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.11.002.
Drugs and natural products: From plants and livestock to human therapeutics - (Abstract Only)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T. 2017. Drugs and natural products: From plants and livestock to human therapeutics. Abstract in Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 31(10):946.
Two Delphinium ramosum chemotypes, their biogeographical distribution and potential toxicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T. 2017. Two Delphinium ramosum chemotypes, their biogeographical distribution and potential toxicity. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 75:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2017.09.002.
Poisonous plants of the United States - ()
Panter, K.E., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2018. Poisonous plants of the United States. In: Gupta, R.C., editor. Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles. 3rd edition. Oxford, UK: Elsevier. p. 825-872.
Identification of indole diterpenes in Ipomoea asarifolia and Ipomoea muelleri, plants tremorgenic to livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D. 2017. Identification of indole diterpenes in Ipomoea asarifolia and Ipomoea muelleri, plants tremorgenic to livestock. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65:5266-5277. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01834.
Poisoning in goats by the monofluoracetate-containing plant Palicourea aeneofusca (Rubiaceae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
de Oliveira Neto, T.S., Riet-Correa, F., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Sousa Barbosa, F.M., da Silva Neto, J.F., Simões, S.V., Lucena, R.B. 2017. Poisoning in goats by the monofluoracetate-containing plant Palicourea aeneofusca (Rubiaceae). Toxicon. 135:12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.025.
Anagyrine desensitization of peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A potential biomarker of quinolizidine alkaloid teratogenesis in cattle. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Cook, D. 2017. Anagyrine desensitization of peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. A potential biomarker of quinolizidine alkaloid teratogenesis in cattle.. Research in Veterinary Science. 115:195-200. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.04.019.
How planting configuration influences plant secondary metabolites and total N in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Clemensen, A.K., Rottinghaus, G.E., Lee, S.T., Provenza, F.D., Villalba, J.J. 2017. How planting configuration influences plant secondary metabolites and total N in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Grass and Forage Science. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12298.
Preference by horses for bedding pellets made from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) straw - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pfister, J.A., Lee, S.T., Arnett, D., Panter, K.E. 2017. Preference by horses for bedding pellets made from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) straw. Professional Animal Scientist. 33(3):349–356. https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2016-01585.
Toxin-producing Epichloë bromicola strains symbiotic with the forage grass Elymus dahuricus in China - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Shi, C., An, S., Yao, Z., Young, C.A., Panaccione, D.G., Lee, S.T., Schardl, C.L., Li, C. 2018. Toxin-producing Epichloë bromicola strains symbiotic with the forage grass Elymus dahuricus in China. Mycologia. 109(6):847-859. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1426941.
Intoxicação experimental por Niedenzuella stannea (Malpighiaceae) em ovinos - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Caldeira, F.H., Arruda, F.P., Shenkel, D.M., Marcolong-Pereira, C., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F., Colodel, E.M. 2017. Intoxicação experimental por Niedenzuella stannea (Malpighiaceae) em ovinos. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 37(7):681-685. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2017000700005.
Experimental poisoning by Niedenzuella stannea in cattle and corresponding detection of monofluoroacetate - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Peixoto De Arruda, F., Bravim Caldeira, F.H., Ducatti, K., Bezerra, K.S., Marcolongo-Pereira, C., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F., Colodel, E. 2017. Experimental poisoning by Niedenzuella stannea in cattle and corresponding detection of monofluoroacetate. Ciencia Rural. 47(03):e20160761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20160761.
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the detection and quantitation of monofluoroacetate in plants toxic to livestock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Santos-Barbosa, J.M., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Viana, L.H., Re, N. 2017. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the detection and quantitation of monofluoroacetate in plants toxic to livestock. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65(7):1428–1433. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00294.
Experimental poisoning by Niedenzuella stannea in cattle and corresponding detection of monofluoroacetate (Intoxicação experimental por Niedenzuella stannea em bovinos e correspondente detecção de monofluoroacetato) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Natural toxins of plant origin (phytotoxins) - ()
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Green, B.T., Panter, K.E. 2017. Natural toxins of plant origin (phytotoxins). In: Witczak, Al, Sikorshi, Z.E., editors. Toxins and Other Harmfuil Compounds in Foods (Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Components Series). 1st edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p.7-52.
Activation and desensitization of peripheral muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by selected, naturally-occurring pyridine alkaloids Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Kem, W.R. 2016. Activation and desensitization of peripheral muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by selected, naturally-occurring pyridine alkaloids. Toxins. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.015.
Toxicity of compounds isolated from white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) to adult and larval yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Estep, A.S., Becnel, J.J., Lee, S.T. 2016. Toxicity of compounds isolated from white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) to adult and larval yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). Natural Product Communications. 11(11):1675-1677.
A swainsonine survey of North American Astragalus and Oxytropis taxa implicated as locoweeds Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Stonecipher, C.A., Welsh, S.L. 2016. A swainsonine survey of North American Astragalus and Oxytropis taxa implicated as locoweeds. Toxicon. 118:104-111.
Studies in regard to the classification and putative toxicity of Fridericia japurensis (Arrabidaea japurensis) in Brazil Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lima, E.F., Medeiros, R.M., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Kaehler, M., Santos-Barbosa, J.M., Riet-Correa, F. 2016. Studies in regard to the classification and putative toxicity of Fridericia japurensis (Arrabidaea japurensis) in Brazil. Toxicon. 115:22-27.
Gastrolobium spp. poisoning in sheep: A case report - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Butler, R., Tai, S., Allen, J.G., Cook, D., Lee, S.T. 2017. Gastrolobium spp. poisoning in sheep: A case report. International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research. 4:68-71.
White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Evans, T.J., Grum, D.S., Buck, S., Meyerholtz, K.A. 2016. White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes. Research in Veterinary Science. 106:29-36.
Phylogenetic examination of two chemotypes of Lupinus leucophyllus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mott, I.W., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Stonecipher, C.A., Panter, K.E. 2016. Phylogenetic examination of two chemotypes of Lupinus leucophyllus. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 65:57-65.
A screen for Swainsonine in select North American Astragalus species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Welsh, S.L. 2017. A screen for Swainsonine in select North American Astragalus species. Chemistry and Biodiversity. 14(4):e1600364. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201600364.
Lupine poisoning in sheep on the USDA-ARS U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES), Dubois, Idaho - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Panter, K.E., Taylor, J.B., Lee, S.T., Strong, N.K., Wierenga, T.L., Cook, D., Welsh, S.L. 2017. Lupine poisoning in sheep on the USDA-ARS U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES), Dubois, Idaho. International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research. 4:79-87.
Determination of toxicity in rabbits and corresponding detection of monofluoroacetate in four Palicourea (Rubiaceae) species from the Amazonas state, Brazil Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carvalho, F.K., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Taylor, C.M., Oliveira, J.B., Riet-Correa, F. 2016. Determination of toxicity in rabbits and corresponding detection of monofluoroacetate in four Palicourea (Rubiaceae) species from the Amazonas state, Brazil. Toxicon. 109:42-44.
Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia pubiflora in sheep with non-toxic doses of the plant and ruminal content Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Becker, M., Carneiro, F.M., Oliveira, L.P., Silva, M.I., Riet-Correa, F., Lee, S.T., Pescador, C.A., Nakazato, L., Colodel, E.M. 2016. Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia pubiflora in sheep with non-toxic doses of the plant and ruminal content. Ciencia Rural. 46(4):674-680.
Evaluation of the stability of benzofuran ketones in rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) under different storage conditions - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Cook, D. 2017. Evaluation of the stability of benzofuran ketones in rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) under different storage conditions. International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research. 4(1):36-42.
An evaluation of the toxicity of white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) and rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) in a lactating mouse model - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z. 2017. An evaluation of the toxicity of white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) and rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) in a lactating mouse model. International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research. 4(1):43-52. Available: https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/np/poisonousplants/poisonousplantresearchjournalintro/
Differences between Angus and Holstein cattle in the Lupinus leucophyllus induced inhibition of fetal activity Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z. 2015. Differences between Angus and Holstein cattle in the Lupinus leucophyllus induced inhibition of fetal activity. Toxicon. 106:1-6.
Identification of the toxic components in white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) - (Proceedings)
Davis, T.Z., Lee, S.T., Collett, M.G., Stegelmeier, B.L., Green, B.T., Grum, D.S. 2015. Identification of the toxic components in white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima). International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:194-200.
Species susceptibility to locoweed poisoning and evaluation of chicks as a small animal model of poisoning - (Proceedings)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Panter, K.E. 2015. Species susceptibility to locoweed poisoning and evaluation of chicks as a small animal model of poisoning. International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:126-129.
Spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by Palicourea aeneofusca in the region of Pernambuco and introduction of conditioned food aversion Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Brito, L.B., Albuquerque, R.F., Rocha, B.P., Albuquerque, S.S., Lee, S.T., Medeiros, R.M., Riet-Correa, F., Mendonca, F.D. 2016. Spontaneous and experimental poisoning of cattle by Palicourea aeneofusca in the region of Pernambuco and introduction of conditioned food aversion. Ciencia Rural. 46(1):138-143.
A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the hedgehog inhibitors cyclopamine and cyclopamine derivatives - (Proceedings)
Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Green, B.T., Welch, K.D. 2015. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the hedgehog inhibitors cyclopamine and cyclopamine derivatives. International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:207-211.
A rapid HPLC-APCI-MS method to detect fluoroacetate in plants - (Proceedings)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J.A., Allen, J.G., Colegate, S.M., Lima, F.G., Gardner, D.R. 2015. A rapid HPLC-APCI-MS method to detect fluoroacetate in plants. International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:158-163.
Agonist mediated fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization - (Proceedings)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E., Mccollum, I.J. 2015. Agonist mediated fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization. International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:296-300.
The role of chemistry in poisonous plant research: Current status and future prospects - (Proceedings)
Molyneux, R.J., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Colegate, S.M. 2015. The role of chemistry in poisonous plant research: Current status and future prospects. International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:152-157.
The clearance of delphinium alkaloids from the serum of cattle - (Proceedings)
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T. 2015. The clearance of delphinium alkaloids from the serum of cattle. International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:296-306.
The serum concentrations of lupine alkaloids in orally-dosed Holstein cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z. 2015. The serum concentrations of lupine alkaloids in orally-dosed Holstein cattle. Research in Veterinary Science. 100:239-244.
Toxicity of White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) and chemical extracts of White Snakeroot in goats Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Lee, S.T., Collett, M.G., Stegelmeier, B.L., Green, B.T., Buck, S.R., Pfister, J.A. 2015. Toxicity of White Snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) and chemical extracts of White Snakeroot in goats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 63(7):2092-2097.
A survey of tremetone, dehydrotremetone and structurally related compounds in Isocoma spp. (Goldenbush) in the southwestern United States Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Davis, T.Z., Gardner, D.R., Johnson, R.L., Stonecipher, C.A. 2015. A survey of tremetone, dehydrotremetone and structurally related compounds in Isocoma spp. (Goldenbush) in the southwestern United States. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 63(3):872-879.
The effect of intermittent dosing of Nicotiana glauca on teratogenesis in goats Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R. 2015. The effect of intermittent dosing of Nicotiana glauca on teratogenesis in goats. Toxicon. 93:119-124.
The effect of ensiling and haymaking on the concentrations of steroidal saponin in two Brachiaria grass species Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
De Lima, F.G., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Miyagi, E.S., Costa, G.L., De Silva, R.D., Fioravanti, M.S. 2015. The effect of ensiling and haymaking on the concentrations of steroidal saponin in two Brachiaria grass species. Ciencia Rural. 45(5):858-863.
Poisoning by Poiretia punctata in cattle and sheep Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Nascimento, E.M., Medeiros, R.M., Lee, S.T., Riet-Correa, F. 2014. Poisoning by Poiretia punctata in cattle and sheep. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 34(10):963-966.
A study on embryonic death in goats due to Nicotiana glauca ingestion - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R. 2014. A study on embryonic death in goats due to Nicotiana glauca ingestion. Toxicon. 90:64-69.
Lupine consumption by cattle in the scablands of Eastern Washington. - (Proceedings)
Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T. 2015. Lupine consumption by cattle in the scablands of Eastern Washington.. International Symposium on Poisonous Plants. 9:250-256.
Studies on the teratogenicity of anabasine in a rat model Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Knoppel, E.L., Green, B.T., Hammond, C.K., Hammond, Z.J., Pfister, J.A. 2014. Studies on the teratogenicity of anabasine in a rat model. Toxicon. 87:32-37.
Cardiac fibrosis associated to the poisoning of Amorimia septentrionalis in cattle Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Albuquerque, S.S., Rocha, B.P., Almeida, V.M., Oliveira, J.S., Riet-Correa, F., Lee, S.T., Neto, J.E., Mendoca, F.S. 2014. Cardiac fibrosis associated to the poisoning of Amorimia septentrionalis in cattle. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 34(5):433-437.
Monofluoroacetate-containing plants that are potentially toxic to livestock Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Allen, J.G., Colegate, S.M., Riet-Correa, F., Taylor, C.M. 2014. Monofluoroacetate-containing plants that are potentially toxic to livestock. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 62(30):7345-7354.
Cyclopamine: From cyclops lambs to cancer treatment Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Garrossian, M., Chang, C.T. 2014. Cyclopamine: From cyclops lambs to cancer treatment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 62(30):7355-7362.
Crude protein supplementation to reduce lupine consumption by pregnant cattle in the scablands of eastern Washington. Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Moterram, E. 2014. Crude protein supplementation to reduce lupine consumption by pregnant cattle in the scablands of eastern Washington. International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research. 3(1):26-32.
Detection of toxic monofluoroacetate in Palicourea species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Taylor, C.M., Bassuner, B., Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R. 2014. Detection of toxic monofluoroacetate in Palicourea species. Toxicon. 80:9-16.
Identification of the quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora leachiana Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Molyneux, R.J. 2014. Identification of the quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora leachiana. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 54:1-4.
Plant alkaloids that cause developmental defects through the disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E. 2013. Plant alkaloids that cause developmental defects through the disruption of cholinergic neurotransmission. Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews. 99:235-246.
Physiological and serum biochemical changes associated with rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) poisoning in goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Green, B.T., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A. 2013. Physiological and serum biochemical changes associated with rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) poisoning in goats. Toxicon. 76:247-254.
Evaluation of solar exposure on the experimental intoxication by Brachiaria decumbens in sheep Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Porto, M.R., Saturnino, K.C., Lima, E.M., Lee, S.T., Lemos, R.A., Marcolongo-Pereira, C., Riet-Correa, F., Castro, M.B. 2013. Evaluation of solar exposure on the experimental intoxication by Brachiaria decumbens in sheep. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 33(8):1009-1015.
Plant toxins that affect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A review Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T. 2013. Plant toxins that affect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A review. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 26(8):1129-1138.
Experimental rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) toxicosis in horses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Hall, J.O. 2013. Experimental rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) toxicosis in horses. Toxicon. 73:88-95.
Epidemiological aspects of field intoxication by Amorimia pubiflora (Malpighiaceae) in cattle in Mato Grosso and experimental reproduction of intoxication in cattle and sheep Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Becker, M., Caldeira, F.H., Carneiro, F.M., Oliveira, L.P., Tokarnia, C.H., Riet-Correa, F., Lee, S.T., Colodel, E.M. 2013. Epidemiological aspects of field intoxication by Amorimia pubiflora (Malpighiaceae) in cattle in Mato Grosso and experimental reproduction of intoxication in cattle and sheep. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira. 33(9):1049-1056.
A toxicokinetic comparison of two species of low larkspur (Delphinium spp.) in cattle Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T. 2013. A toxicokinetic comparison of two species of low larkspur (Delphinium spp.) in cattle. Research in Veterinary Science. 95(2):612-615.
Piperidine, pyridine alkaloid inhibition of fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E. 2013. Piperidine, pyridine alkaloid inhibition of fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 58:8-13.
Alkaloid profiles of Dermatophyllum arizonicum, Dermatophllum gypsophilum, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Styphnolobium affine, and Styphnolobium japonicum previously classified as Sophora species Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Molyneux, R.J., Davis, T.Z., Gardner, D.R. 2013. Alkaloid profiles of Dermatophyllum arizonicum, Dermatophllum gypsophilum, Dermatophyllum secundiflorum, Styphnolobium affine, and Styphnolobium japonicum previously classified as Sophora species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 49:87-93.
Stereoselective potencies and relative toxicities of y-Coniceine and N-Methylconiine enantiomers Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Jordan, G.T., Zhang, Q., Panter, K.E., Hughes, D., Cheng-Wei, T.C., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R. 2013. Stereoselective potencies and relative toxicities of y-Coniceine and N-Methylconiine enantiomers. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 23:616-21.
Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia (Macagnia) septentrionalis in goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Duarte, A.L., Medeiros, R.M., Carvalho, F.K., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Costa, V.M., Riet-Correa, F. 2014. Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia (Macagnia) septentrionalis in goats. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 34(2):220-223.
Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia (Mascagnia) septentrionalis in goats Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Duarte, A.L., Medeiros, R.M., Carvalho, F.K., Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Costa, V.M., Riet-Correa, F. 2014. Induction and transfer of resistance to poisoning by Amorimia (Mascagnia) septentrionalis in goats. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 34(2):220-223.
The alkaloid profiles of Sophora nuttalliana and Sophora stenophylla - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Molyneux, R.J., Marcolongo-Pereira, C., Stonecipher, C.A., Gardner, D.R. 2013. The alkaloid profiles of Sophora nuttalliana and Sophora stenophylla. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 48: 58-64.
Fetal-muscle type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in TE-671 cells, and inhibition of fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model by optical isomers of the piperidine alkaloid coniine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E. 2013. Fetal-muscle type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation in TE-671 cells, and inhibition of fetal movement in a day 40 pregnant goat model by optical isomers of the piperidine alkaloid coniine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 344:1-13.
Detection of swainsonine and isolation of the endophyte Undifilum from the major locoweeds in Inner Mongolia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Gao, X., Cook, D., Ralphs, M., Yan, L., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Han, B., Zhao, M. 2012. Detection of swainsonine and isolation of the endophyte Undifilum from the major locoweeds in Inner Mongolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 45: 79-85.
Detection of swainsonine and isolation of the endophyte Undifilum form the major locoweeds in Inner Mongolia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Veratrum-induced placental dysplasia in sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Cook, D. 2012. Veratrum-induced placental dysplasia in sheep. International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research. 2:54-62.
The resolution of rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) poisoning in goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Hall, J.O. 2013. The resolution of rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) poisoning in goats. International Journal of Poisonous Plant Research. 2:27-33.
Detection of monofluoroacetate in Palicourea and Amorimia species - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J.A., Anderson, W.R., Lima, F.G., Gardner, D.R. 2012. Detection of monofluoroacetate in Palicourea and Amorimia species. Toxicon. 60(5): 791-6.
Evaluation of drying methods and toxicity of rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) in goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Cook, D., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2012. Evaluation of drying methods and toxicity of rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) in goats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60(19): 4849-53.
Development of a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the hedgehog inhibitors cyclopamine and cyclopamine-KAAD - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Zhang, J., Change, C.T. 2012. Development of a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the hedgehog inhibitors cyclopamine and cyclopamine-KAAD. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 66: 282-6.
Piperidine alkaloids: Human and food animal teratogens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Brown, D.R. 2012. Piperidine alkaloids: Human and food animal teratogens. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50(6): 2049-55.
A pharmacodynamic comparison of piperidine and pyridine alkaloid actions at fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) - (Abstract Only)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E. 2012. A pharmacodynamic comparison of piperidine and pyridine alkaloid actions at fetal muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Experimental Biology. 26: 1048.6.
Poisonous Plants of the United States - ()
Panter, K.E., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Davis, T.Z., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2012. Poisonous Plants of the United States. In: Guptra, R.C., editor. Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles. 2nd edition. Boston, MA: Academic Press. p. 1031-79.
Benzofuran ketone dosage-dependent rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) toxicosis in a caprine model - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Alkaloid profiling as an approach to differentiate Lupinus garfieldensis, Lupinus sabinianus, and Lupinus sericeus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Stonecipher, C.A., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Panter, K.E. 2011. Alkaloid profiling as an approach to differentiate Lupinus garfieldensis, Lupinus sabinianus, and Lupinus sericeus. Phytochemical Analysis. 23(3): 278-84.
Relative feeding and development of armyworm, Mythimna (Pseudaletia) unipuncta (Haworth), on switchgrass and corn, and its potential effects on switchgrass grown for biomass - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Prasifka, J.R., Bradshaw, J.D., Lee, S.T., Gray, M.E. 2011. Relative feeding and development of armyworm, Mythimna (Pseudaletia) unipuncta (Haworth), on switchgrass and corn, and its potential effects on switchgrass grown for biomass. Journal of Economic Entomology. 104(5): 1561-7.
Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to diagnose white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) poisoning in a cow - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Meyerholtz, K.A., Burcham, G.N., Miller, M.A., Wilson, C.R., Hooser, S.B., Lee, S.T. 2011. Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to diagnose white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima) poisoning in a cow. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 23:775-9.
Detection of high levels of pyrrolizidine-N-oxides in the endangered plant cryptantha crassipes (Terlingua creek cat's-eye)using HPLC-ESI-MS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Williams, M.T., Warnock, B.J., Betz, J.M., Beck, J.J., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Molyneux, R.J., Colegate, S.M. 2011. Detection of high levels of pyrrolizidine-N-oxides in the endangered plant cryptantha crassipes (Terlingua creek cat's-eye)using HPLC-ESI-MS. Phytochemical Analysis. 22(3): 532-540
Influence of grazing pressure on cattle consumption of the teratogenic plant velvet lupine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Motteram, E.S. 2011. Influence of grazing pressure on cattle consumption of the teratogenic plant velvet lupine. Professional Animal Scientist. 27(2):101-8.
Lupine-Induced 'Crooked Calf Disease' in Washington and Oregon: Identification of the alkaloid profiles of Lupinus sericeus, Lupinus sulphureus, and Lupinus leucophyllus - ()
Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Davis, T.Z., Panter, K.E. 2011. Lupine-Induced 'Crooked Calf Disease' in Washington and Oregon: Identification of the alkaloid profiles of Lupinus sericeus, Lupinus sulphureus and Lupinus leucophyllus. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge, MA. CAB International. 97:566-71.
Tremetone and structurally related compounds in white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima): A plant associated with trembles and milk sickness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Gardner, D.R., Colegate, S.M., Cook, D., Green, B.T., Meyerholtz, K.A., Wilson, C.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Evans, T.J. 2010. Tremetone and structurally related compounds in white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima): A plant associated with trembles and milk sickness. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 58(15):8560-65. DOI: 10.1021/jf1012456.
Distribution of Delphinium occidentale chemotypes and their potential toxicity - ()
Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Lee, S.T. 2011. Distribution of Delphinium occidentale chemotypes and their potential toxicity. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge, MA. CAB International. p. 606-11.
Determination of the relative toxicity of enantiomers with cell-based assays - ()
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E., Kem, W. 2011. Determination of the relative toxicity of enantiomers with cell-based assays. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge, MA. CAB International. 100:581-7.
Measurement of steroidal saponins in Panicum and Brachiaria grasses in the USA and Brazil - ()
Lee, S.T., Mitchell, R., Gardner, D.R., Tokarnia, C.H., Riet-Correa, F. 2011. Measurement of steroidal saponins in Panicum and Brachiaria grasses in the USA and Brazil. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge,MA. CAB International. 20:142-4.
The physiological effects and toxicokinetics of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) alkaloids in cattle - ()
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E. 2011. The physiological effects and toxicokinetics of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) alkaloids in cattle. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge, MA. CAB International. p. 557-65.
The Actions of Piperidine Alkaloids at Fetal Muscle-Type and Autonomic-Type Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors - (Abstract Only)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Kem, W.R. 2010. The Actions of Piperidine Alkaloids at Fetal Muscle-Type and Autonomic-Type Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Experimental Biology.
Experimemntal Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) Toxicosis in Goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Hall, J.O. 2010. Experimemntal Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) Toxicosis in Goats. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 22:570-577.
Plants teratogenic to livestock in the United States - ()
Panter, K.E., Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Ralphs, M.H., Davis, T.Z., Green, B.T., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D. 2011. Plants teratogenic to livestock in the United States. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge, MA. CAB International. 36:236-42.
Dose-response evaluation of Veratrum californicum in sheep - ()
Welch, K.D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L., Cook, D. 2011. Dose-Response evaluation of Veratrum californicum in sheep. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge, MA. CAB International. 37:243-50.
Differences in ponderosa pine isocupressic acid concentrations across space and time - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Davis, T.Z. 2010. Differences in ponderosa pine isocupressic acid concentrations across space and time. Rangelands. 32(2):14-7.
Actions of Piperidine Alkaloid Teratogens at Fetal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Welch, K.D., Cook, D., Pfister, J.A., Kem, W.R. 2010. Actions of Piperidine Alkaloid Teratogens at Fetal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 32:383-390. Published online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2010.01.011
The comparative pathology of locoweed poisoning in horses and other livestock - ()
Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Panter, K.E. 2011. The comparative pathology of locoweed poisoning in horses and other livestock. In: Riet-Correa, F., Pfister, J., Schild, A.L., Wierenga, T., editors. Poisoning by Plants, Mycotoxins, and Related Toxins. Cambridge, MA. CAB International. 48:309-10.
Colic Caused by Panicum maximum Toxicosis in Equidae in Northern Brazil - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cerqueira, V.D., Riet-Correa, G., Barbosa, J.D., Duarte, M.D., Oliveira, C.M., De Oliverira, C.A., Tokarnia, C., Lee, S.T., Riet-Correa, F. 2009. Colic Caused by Panicum maximum Toxicosis in Equidae in Northern Brazil. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 21:882-888
The Biogeographical Distribution of Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium occidentale) Chemotypes and Their Potential Toxicity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Lee, S.T. 2009. The Biogeographical Distribution of Duncecap Larkspur (Delphinium occidentale) Chemotypes and Their Potential Toxicity. Journal of Chemical Ecology 35:6443-652
A Quantitative Method for the Measurement of Three Benzofuran Ketones in Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratine altissima) by HPLC - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Davis, T.Z., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Evans, T.J. 2009. A Quantitative Method for the Measurement of Three Benzofuran Ketones in Rayless Goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) and White Snakeroot (Ageratine altissima) by HPLC. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 57(12):5639-5642
Cyclopamine-induced Synophthalmia in Sheep: Defining a Critical Window and Toxicokinetic Evaluation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Welch, K.D., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Cook, D. 2009. Cyclopamine-induced Synophthalmia in Sheep: Defining a Critical Window and Toxicokinetic Evaluation. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 29:414-421. (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/jat.1427
Isolation, Characterization, and Quantification of Steroidal Saponins in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Mitchell, R., Wang, Z., Heiss, C., Gardner, D.R., Azadi, P. 2009. Isolation, Characterization, and Quantification of Steroidal Saponins in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 57(6):2599-2604. DOI: 10.1021/jf803907y
Lupine Induced "Crooked Calf Disease": The Last 20 Years - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Gay, C., Pfister, J.A., Ralphs, M.H., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Motteram, E., Cook, D., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Davis, T.Z. 2008. Lupine Induced "Crooked Calf Disease": The Last 20 Years. Rangelands. 30(6): 13-8.
Selected Common Poisonous Plants of the United States' Rangelands - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Davis, T.Z., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Panter, K.E. 2009. Selected Common Poisonous Plants of the United States' Rangelands. Rangelands. 31(1):38-44 DOI:10.2111/1551-501X-31.1.38
Value of Plant Diversity for Diet Mixing and Sequencing in Herbivores - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Provenza, F.D., Villalba, J.J., Wiedmeier, R.W., Layman, T., Owens, J., Lisonbee, L., Clemensen, A., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T. 2009. Value of Plant Diversity for Diet Mixing and Sequencing in Herbivores. Rangelands. 31(1):45-49. DOI:10.2111/1551-501X-31.1.45
Crooked Calf Syndrome: Managing Lupines on Rangelands of the Channel Scablands of East-Central Washington State - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Panter, K.E., Motteram, E., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Platt, T.E., Gay, C.C. 2009. Cooked Calf Syndrome: Managing Lupines on Rangelands of the Channel Scablands of East-Central Washington State. Rangelands 31(1):10-15. http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.2111/1551-501X-31.1.45?
The Alkaloid Profiles of Lupinus sulphureus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Welch, K.D., Green, B.T., Davis, T.Z., Panter, K.E. 2009. The Alkaloid Profiles of Lupinus sulphureus. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 57(4):1646-1653.
Serum Elimination Profiles of Methyllycaconitine and Deltaline in Cattle Following Oral Administration of Larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Gardner, D.R., Stegelmeier, B.L., Davis, T.Z., Cook, D., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E. 2009. Serum Elimination Profiles of Methyllycaconitine and Deltaline in Cattle Following Oral Administration of Larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(7):926-931.
Steroselective Potencies and Relative Toxicities of Coniine Enantiomers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Green, B.T., Welch, K.D., Pfister, J.A., Panter, K.E. 2008. Steroselective Potencies and Relative Toxicities of Coniine Enantiomers. Chemical Research in Toxicology. 21(10): 2061-2064. DOI 10.1021/tx800229w
Effects of Larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) on Heart Rate and Electrically Evoked Electromyographic Response of the External Anal Sphincter in Cattle. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Green, B.T., Pfister, J.A., Cook, D., Welch, K.D., Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Knoppel, E.L., Panter, K.E. 2009. Effects of Larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) on Heart Rate and Electrically Evoked Electromyographic Response of the External Anal Sphincter in Cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 70(4):539-546
The effect of body condition on serum concentrations of two teratogenic alkaloids (anagyrine and ammodendrine) from Lupines (Lupinus spp.) that cause crooked calf disease. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R., Welch, K.D. 2008. The Effect of Body Condition on Serum Concentrations of Two Teratogenic Alkaloids (Anagyrine and Ammodendrine) From Lupines (Lupinus spp.) That Cause Crooked Calf Disease. Journal of Animal Science. 86:2771-2778 doi:10.2527/jas.2007-0610.
Separation and Measurement of Plant Alkaloid Enantiomers by RP-HPLC Analysis of their Fmoc-Alanine Analogs - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Chang, C.T., Panter, K.E., Molyneux, R.J. 2008. Separation and Measurement of Plant Alkaloid Enantiomers by RP-HPLC Analysis of their Fmoc-Alanine Analogs. Phytochemical Analysis, 19:395-402. DOI: 10.1002/pca.1064.
Effects of Experience and Lactation on Lupine Consumption by Cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pfister, J.A., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Motteram, E.S., Gay, C. 2008. Effects of Experience and Lactation on Lupine Consumption by Cattle. Rangeland Ecology and Management 61:240-244 March 2008
Lupine induced "Crooked Calf Disease" in Washington and Oregon: Identification of the alkaloid profiles in Lupinus sulphureus, Lupinus leucophyllus, and Lupinus sericeus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Cook, D., Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Ralphs, M.H., Motteram, E.S., Pfister, J.A., Gay, C. 2007. Lupine induced "Crooked Calf Disease" in Washington and Oregon: Identification of the alkaloid profiles in Lupinus sulphureus, Lupinus leucophyllus, and Lupinus sericeus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Web release 11/27/2007 Article DOI: 10.1021/jf0723110 Journal releae Volume 55, Number 26, pp. 10649-10655.
Phytochemicals: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly? - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Molyneux, R.J., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., James, L.F. 2007. Phytochemicals: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly?. Phytochemistry.68(22-24):2973-2985.
Separation Of Enantiomeric Mixtures Of Alkaloids And Their Biological Evaluation - ()
Lee, S.T., Molyneux, R.J., Panter, K.E. 2007. Separation Of Enantiomeric Mixtures Of Alkaloids And Their Biological Evaluation. In: Bioactive Natural Products: Detection, Isolation, and Structural Determination, Second Edition, ISBN: 9780849372582, ISBN: 0849372585, Chpt. 7, pp. 209-219.
Important poisonous plants of the United States - ()
Panter, K.E., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Pfister, J.A., Ralphs, M.H., Stegelmeier, B.L., James, L.F. 2007. Important poisonous plants of the United States. Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, Chpt. 66 pp. 825-872.
Alkaloid Profiles, Concentration and Pools in Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) Over the Growing Season - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Panter, K.E., Cook, D., Gardner, D.R. 2006. Alkaloid Profiles, Concentration and Pools in Velvet Lupine (Lupinus leucophyllus) Over the Growing Season. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 33:75-84
THE EFFECTS OF VACCINATION ON RIDDELLIINE TOXICITY IN RATS - ()
Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A. 2007. The effects of vaccination on riddelliine toxicity in rats. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions, Chpt. 15, pp. 89 - 93.
CUTLEAF NIGHTSHADE (SOLANUM TRIFLORUMM NUTT.) TOXICITY IN HORSES AND HAMSTERS - ()
Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A. 2007. Cutleaf nightshade (solanum triflorumm nutt.) toxicity in horses and hamsters. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions, Chpt. 50, pp. 296 - 300.
PHEASANT'S EYE (ADONIS AESTAVALIS) TOXICITY IN LIVESTOCK AND RODENTS - ()
Stegelmeier, B.L., Hall, J.O., Lee, S.T., James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A. 2007. Pheasant's eye (adonis aestavalis) toxicity in livestock and rodents. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions. Chpt. 79, pp. 463 - 468.
SWITCHGRASS (PANICUM VIRGATUM) TOXICITY IN RODENTS, SHEEP, GOATS AND HORSES - ()
Stegelmeier, B.L., Elmore, S.A., Lee, S.T., James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A. 2007. Switchgrass (panicum virgatum) toxicity in rodents, sheep, goats and horses. Poisonous Plants Global Research and Solutions, Chpt. 19,pp. 113 - 117.
THE COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY OF LOCOWEED POISONING IN LIVESTOCK, WILDLIFE AND RODENTS - ()
Stegelmeier, B.L., Lee, S.T., James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A. 2007. The comparative pathology of locoweed poisoning in livestock, wildlife and rodents. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions. Chpt. 61, pp. 359 - 365.
Effects of experience and lactation on lupine consumption by cattle - ()
Pfister, J.A., Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Motteram, E.S., Gay, C.C. 2007. Effects of experience and lactation on lupine consumption by cattle. Poisonous Plants Global Research and Solutions, Chpt. 68, pp. 407 - 410.
CATTLE GRAZEing VELVET LUPINE (Lupinus leucophyllus): INFLUENCE OF ASSOCIATED FORAGES, ALKALOID LEVELS AND POPULATION CYCLEs - ()
Ralphs, M.H., Panter, K.E., Gay, C., Motteram, E., Lee, S.T. 2007. Cattle grazeing velvet lupine (lupinus leucophyllus): influence of associated forages, alkaloid levels and population cycles. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions, Chpt. 67, pp. 401-406
N-ALKYLATED DERIVATIVES OF SWAINSONINE - ()
Garrossian, M., Lee, S.T., Molyneux, R.J., Gardner, D.R. 2007. N-alkylated derivatives of swainsonine. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions, Chpt. 84, pp. 492 - 497.
HELIOTROPIUM EUROPAEUM ALKALOIDS: A QUATERNARY PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID APPROACH TO ELISA DEVELOPMENT - ()
Lee, S.T., Knill, A., Michalewicz, A., Stevens, V., Colegate, S.M. 2007. Heliotropium europaeum alkaloids: a quaternary pyrrolizidine alkaloid approach to elisa development. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions,Chpt 81, pp. 476-480.
SEPARATION AND ISOLATION OF TERATOGENIC PIPERIDINE ENANTIOMERS FROM NICOTIANA AND LUPINUS SPECIES - ()
Lee, S.T., Panter, K.E., Molyneux, R.J., Chang, C.T., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A. 2007. Separation and isolation of teratogenic piperidine enantiomers from nicotiana and lupinus species. Poisonous Plant Global Research and Solutions, Chpt. 80, pp. 469 - 475.
Research on Lupine-Induced "Crooked Calf Disease" at the Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory: Past, Present and Future - ()
Panter, K.E., James, L.F., Wierenga, T.L., Gay, C., Motteram, E., Lee, S.T., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Ralphs, M.H., Stegelmeier, B.L. 2007. Research on Lupine-Induced "Crooked Calf Disease" at the Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory: Past, Present and Future. Poisonous Plants Global Research and Solutions. Chpt. 10, pp. 58 - 65.
RELATIVE TOXICITIES AND NEUROMUSCULAR NICOTINIC RECEPTOR AGONISTIC POTENCIES OF ANABASINE ENANTIOMERS AND ANABASEINE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Wildeboer, K., Panter, K.E., Kem, W., Gardner, D.R., Molyneux, R.J., Chang, C.T., Soti, F., Pfister, J.A. 2006. Relative toxicities and neuromuscular nicotinic receptor agonistic potencies of anabasine enantiomers and anabaseine. Neurotoxicology and Teratology.
CATTLE CONSUMPTION OF VELVET LUPINE (LUPINUS LEUCOPHYLLUS) IN THE CHANNEL SCABLANDS OF EASTERN WASHINGTON - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ralphs, M.H., Panter, K.E., Motteram, E., Lee, S.T. 2006. Cattle consumption of velvet lupine (lupinus leucophyllus) in the channel scablands of eastern washington. Rangeland Ecology and Management. 59:204-207.
LOCOWEED (OXYTROPIS SERICEA) INDUCED LESIONS IN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEIUS HEMIONUS) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A., Spraker, T.R. 2005. LOCOWEED (OXYTROPIS SERICEA) INDUCED LESIONS IN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEIUS HEMIONUS). Veterinary Pathology. 42(5): 566-78.
LOCOWEED (OXYTROPIS SERICEA)-INDUCED LESIONS IN MULE DEER (ODOCOILEIUS HEMIONUS) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stegelmeier, B.L., James, L.F., Gardner, D.R., Panter, K.E., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A., Spraker, T.R. 2005. Locoweed (oxytropis sericea)-induced lesions in mule deer (odocoileius hemionus). Veterinary Pathology 42:566-578.
AMMODENDRINE AND N-METHYLAMMODENDRINE ENANTIOMERS: ISOLATION, OPTICAL ROTATION, AND TOXICITY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Molyneux, R.J., Panter, K.E., Chang, C.T., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Garrossian, M. 2005. Ammodendrine and n-methylammodendrine enantiomers: isolation, optical rotation, and toxicity. Journal of Natural Products.
SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION AND HPLC-MS PROFILING OF PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS AND THEIR N-OXIDES: A CASE STUDY OF ECHIUM PLANTAGINEUM - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Colegate, S.M., Edgar, J.A., Knill, A.M., Lee, S.T. 2005. Solid-phase extraction and hplc-ms profiling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their n-oxides: a case study of echium plantagineum. Phytochemical Analysis.
Solid-phase extraction and HPLC-MS profiling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their n-oxides: A case study of echium plantagineum - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Colegate, S.M., Edgar, J.A., Knill, A.M., Lee, S.T. 2005. Solid-phase extraction and HPLC-MS profiling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their n-oxides: A case study of echium plantagineum. Phytochemical Analysis. 16(2):108-119.
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF AMMODENDRINE AND N-METHYL AMMODENDRINE ENANTIOMERS: ISOLATION, OPTICAL ROTATION, AND TOXICITY - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Molyneux, R.J., Panter, K.E., Chang, C., Gardner, D.R., Pfister, J.A., Garrossian, M. 2005. Structure-activity relationships of ammodendrine and n-methyl ammodendrine enantiomers: isolation, optical rotation, and toxicity. Journal of Natural Products.
TOXICITY OF A PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID, RIDDELLIINE, IN NEONATAL PIGS - ()
Stegelmeier, B.L., James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Molyneux, R.J., Gardner, D.R., Schoch, T.K., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A. 2003. Toxicity of a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine, in neonatal pigs. Poisonous Plants Symposium Proceedings.
THE CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF INTERMITTENT LOCOWEED (OXYTROPIS SERICEA) POISONING IN SHEEP - (Proceedings)
Stegelmeier, B.L., James, L.F., Panter, K.E., Molyneux, R.J., Gardner, D.R., Lee, S.T., Ralphs, M.H., Pfister, J.A. 2003. The clinical and morphological changes of intermittent locoweed (oxytropis sericea) poisoning in sheep. Poisonous Plants Symposium Proceedings.
CHARACTERIZATION OF STEROIDAL SAPOGENINS IN PANICUM VIRGATUM L. (SWITCHGRASS) - (Proceedings)
Lee, S.T., Stegelmeier, B.L., Gardner, D.R., Vogel, K.P. 2003. Characterization of steroidal sapogenins in panicum virgatum l. (switchgrass). Poisonous Plants Symposium Proceedings.
THE DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS IN PLANTS AND FEEDS USING AN ELISA - (Proceedings)
Lee, S.T., Schoch, T.K., Stegelmeier, B.L., Gardner, D.R., Than, K.A., Molyneux, R.J. 2003. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid measurement in plants, feeds, and food supplies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Poisonous Plants Symposium Proceedings.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR ISOCUPRESSIC ACID AND SERUM METABOLITES OF ISOCUPRESSIC ACID - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
LEE, S.T., GARDNER, D.R., GARROSSIAN, M., PANTER, K.E., SERREQI, A.N., SCHOCH, T.K., WIERENGA, T.L. DEVELOPMENT OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR ISOCUPRESSIC ACID AND SERUM METABOLITES OF ISOCUPRESSIC ACID. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY. 2003.
PREPARATIVE ISOLATION OF SWAINSONINE FROM LOCOWEED: EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION PROCEDURES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
GARDNER, D.R., LEE, S.T., MOLYNEUX, R.J., EDGAR, J.A. PREPARATIVE ISOLATION OF SWAINSONINE FROM LOCOWEEDS: EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION PROCEDURES. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS. 2003.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR THE VERATRUM PLANT TERATOGENS: CYCLOPAMINE AND JERVINE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
LEE, S.T., PANTER, K.E., GAFFIELD JR, W.P., STEGELMEIER, B.L. DEVEELOPMENT OF AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR THE PLANT TERATOGENS CYCLOPAMINE AND JERVINE. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY. 2003.
EVALUATION OF VACCINATION AGAINST METHYLLYCACONITINE TOXICITY IN MICE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lee, S.T., Stegelmeier, B.L., Panter, K.E., Pfister, J.A., Gardner, D.R., Schoch, T.K., James, L.F. 2003. Evaluation of vaccination against methyyllycaconitine toxicity in mice. Journal of Animal Science.
EVALUATION OF VACCINATION AGAINST METHYLLYCACONITINE TOXICITY IN MICE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
LEE, S.T., STEGELMEIER, B.L., PANTER, K.E., PFISTER, J.A., GARDNER, D.R., SCHOCH, T.K., JAMES, L.F. EVALUATION OF ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST METHYLLYCACONITINE TOXICITY IN MICE. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2003, 81:232-238.
THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STEROIDAL SAPOGENINS IN SWITCHGRASS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
LEE, S.T., STEGELMEIER, B.L., GARDNER, D.R., VOGEL, K.P. THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF STEROIDAL SAPOGENINS IN SWITCHGRASS. JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS. 2001.
REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES TO POISONOUS PLANTS: INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
PANTER, K.E., JAMES, L.F., GARDNER, D.R., RALPHS, M.H., PFISTER, J.A., STEGELMEIER, B.L., LEE, S.T. REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES TO POISONOUS PLANTS: INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT. 2002.
LARKSPUR POISONING: TOXICOLOGY AND ALKALOID STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
PANTER, K.E., MANNERS, G.D., JAMES, L.F., GARDNER, D.R., RALPHS, M.H., PFISTER, J.A., STEGELMEIER, B.L., LEE, S.T. LARKSPUR POISONING: TOXICOLOGY AND ALKALOID STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY. 2002.
MANAGEMENT OF THREE TOXIC DELPHINIUM SPECIES BASED ON ALKALOID CONCENTRATIONS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
PFISTER, J.A., RALPHS, M.H., GARDNER, D.R., STEGELMEIER, B.L., MANNERS, G.D., PANTER, K.E., LEE, S.T. MANAGEMENT OF THREE TOXIC DELPHINIUM SPECIES BASED ON ALKALOID CONCENTRATIONS. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY. 2002.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR THE HEPATOTOXIC ALKALOIDS RIDDELLIINE AND RIDDELLIINE N-OXIDE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
LEE, S.T., SCHOCH, T.K., STEGELMEIER, B.L., GARDNER, D.R., THAN, K.A., MOLYNEUX, R.J. DEVELOPMENT OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR THE HEPATOTOXIC ALKALOIDS RIDDELLIINE AND RIDDELLIINE N-OXIDE. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY. 2001.
ALKALOIDS AS ANTI-QUALITY FACTORS IN PLANTS ON WESTERN U.S. RANGELANDS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
PFISTER, J.A., PANTER, K.E., GARDNER, D.R., STEGELMEIER, B.L., RALPHS, M.H., MOLYNEUX, R.J., LEE, S.T. ALKALOIDS AS ANTI-QUALITY FACTORS IN PLANTS ON WESTERN U.S. RANGELANDS. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT. 2001.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR TOXIC LARKSPUR (DELPHINIUM SPP.)ALKALOIDS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
LEE, S.T., SCHOCH, T.K., GARDNER, D.R., STEGELMEIER, B.L. DEVELOPMENT OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS FOR TOXIC LARKSPUR ALKALOIDS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL FOOD & CHEMICAL. 2000.
THREE NEW TOXIC NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS FROM THE LOW LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM NUTTALLIANUM - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
GARDNER, D.R., MANNERS, G.D., PANTER, K.E., LEE, S.T., PFISTER, J.A. THREE NEW TOXIC NORDITERPENOID ALKALOIDS FROM THE LOW LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM NUTTALLIANUM PRITZ. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS. 2000.